2004
Volume 38, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 0921-5077
  • E-ISSN: 1875-7235

Abstract

Samenvatting

Organisaties en de manier waarop het werk is georganiseerd veranderen. Werknemers stellen andere eisen en die eisen veranderen ook in de loop van de loopbaan. Het psychologisch contract omvat de kern van de relatie tussen werkgever en werknemer. Dit artikel beschrijft de basisprocessen van de dynamische interactie tussen werkgever en werknemer over tijd. Wederzijdsheid is het basisprincipe van het psychologisch contract. Overeenstemming over wederzijdse verplichtingen en de balans daarin bepalen de effecten op het gedrag van werknemers. Omdat er verschillende fases zijn in de relatie tussen werkgever en werknemer, is het belangrijk om te kijken hoe die gepaard gaan met veranderingen in het psychologisch contract. Het artikel introduceert een model waarin deze veranderingen en mogelijke reacties van werknemers worden samengevat. Het artikel besluit met vragen voor toekomstig onderzoek.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/GO2025.3.001.SCHA
2025-09-01
2025-12-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Chaudhry, A., Wayne, S. J., & Schalk, R. (2009). A sensemaking model of employee evaluation of psychological contract fulfillment. When and how do employees respond to change? The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 45(4), 498-520. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886309341739
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cutler, H., & De DalaiLama. (1999). De kunst van het geluk: Over de zin van het leven. Uitgeverij BZZTôH.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. De Beauvoir, S. (1970). La vieillesse. Gallimard.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. De Jong, J. (2008). A matter of time: Mechanisms behind fair treatment perceptions in temporary employment [Doctoral dissertation, Tilburg University]. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/cd3c46b2-d10f-47a6-9878-4e2499834885
    [Google Scholar]
  5. De Ruiter, M. (2017). Beyond repair? The role of supervisory leadership in the context of psychological contract breach [Doctoral dissertation, Tilburg University]. Gildeprint. https://repository.tilburguniversity.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/d3b51bbc-2169-4f46-bd67-5c4f1e847bda/content
    [Google Scholar]
  6. De Vos, A., Buyens, D., & Schalk, R. (2003). Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of reciprocity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 537-559. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.205
    [Google Scholar]
  7. De Vos, A., Buyens, D., & Schalk, R. (2005). Making sense of a new employment relationship: Psychological contract-related information seeking and the role of work values and locus of control. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0965-075X.2005.00298.x
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Derous, E., & Rietzschel, E. (2020). De toekomst van werk: Impact van technologie op organisaties (deel 1). Gedrag & Organisatie, 33(4), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.5117/2020.033.004.001
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Farnese, M. L., Livi, S., Barbieri, B., & Schalk, R. (2018). You can see how things will end by the way they begin: The contribution of early mutual obligations for the development of the psychological contract. Frontiers in Psychology, Sec. Organizational Psychology, 9, 543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00543
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Freese, C., Dorenbosch, L., & Schalk, R. (2017). Flexibele arbeidsrelaties: de gevolgen voor organisaties en werkenden. Gedrag & Organisatie, 30(4), 235-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/2017.030.004.001
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Freese, C., & Schalk, R. (2008). How to measure the psychological contract? A critical criteria-based review of measures. South African Journal of Psychology, 38(2), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630803800202
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Freese, C., Schalk, R., & Croon, M. (2008). De Tilburgse Psychologisch Contract Vragenlijst. Gedrag & Organisatie, 21(3), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.5117/2008.021.003.004
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gervasi, D., Faldetta, G., Pellegrini, M. M., & Maley, J. (2022). Reciprocity in organizational behavior studies: A systematic literature review of contents, types, and directions. European Management Journal, 40(3), 441-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.07.008
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gresse, W., Linde, B., & Schalk, R. (2013). Sense of deservingness: What are the entitlement beliefs of students in their anticipatory psychological contract?Management Revue, 24(4), 270-288. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:rai:mamere:1861-9908_mrev_2013_4_gresse
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (2004). Aging, adult development, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 440-458. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159053
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kerti, K. A., Kroon, B., Van Engen, M., Bleijenbergh, I., & Freese, C. (2022). Referentiekaders van Hongaarse arbeidsmigranten rond de kwaliteit van het werk in Nederlandse distributiecentra: Een narratieve benadering. Gedrag & Organisatie, 35(4), 455-483. https://doi.org/10.5117/GO2022.4.004.KERT
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kroon, B., van Hooft, E. A., & Freese, C. (2022). De vogelvrije werkende: Inzichten in de gevolgen van flexwerk vanuit de sociale, arbeids-en organisatiepsychologie. Gedrag & Organisatie, 35(4), 383-396. https://doi.org/10.5117/GO2021.3.006.KROO
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lub, X. (2013). Generations and their psychological contracts [Doctoral dissertation, Tilburg University]. Ipskamp Drukkers. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/146a6d65-e71b-4739-9576-9cf1611ba093
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2003). Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 527-539. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.527
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Lucassen, J. (2020). De wereld aan het werk: Van de prehistorie tot nu. WBOOKS.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Menninger, K. (1958). Theory of psychoanalytic technique. Harper & Row.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Montes, S. D., & Irving, P. G. (2008). Disentangling the effects of promised and delivered inducements: Relational and transactional contract elements and the mediating role of trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1367-1381. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0012851
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie. (2022). Jaarverslag 2021 Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie. Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Nederlands Bijbelgenootschap. (2004). Bijbel: Het Oude Testament. Atheneum – Polak & Van Gennep.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Robinson, S. L., & Wolfe Morrison, E. (2000). The development of psychological contract breach and violation: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), 525-546. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1379(200008)21:5%3C525::AID-JOB40%3E3.0.CO;2-T
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations. Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Rousseau, D. M. (1996). Changing the deal while keeping the people. The Academy of Management Executive, 10(1), 50-61. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165305
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Rousseau, D. M., Hansen, S. D., & Tomprou, M. (2018). A dynamic phase model of psychological contract processes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(9), 1081-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2284
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Rousseau, D. M., & Schalk, R. (Eds.). (2000). Psychological contracts in employment: Cross-national perspectives. Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Schalk, R., & De Ruiter, M. (2019). Mutuality and reciprocity in the psychological contract. In Y.Griep & C. L.Cooper (Eds.), Handbook psychological contract research (pp. 35-62). Edward Elgar.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Schalk, R., De Ruiter, M., Van Loon, J., Kuijpers, E., & Van Regenmortel, T. (2018). Actively coping with violation: Exploring upward dissent patterns in functional, dysfunctional, and deserted psychological contract end states. Frontiers in Psychology, Sec. Organizational Psychology, 9, 54. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00054
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Schalk, R., & Freese, C. (1993). Het psychologisch contract. Instroom van Personeel, 1(4), 67-82.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Schalk, R., Freese, C., & Van den Bosch, J. (1995). Het psychologisch contract van part-timers en full-timers. Gedrag & Organisatie, 8(5), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.34894/D9QOS6
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Schalk, R., & Roe, R. E. (2007). Towards a dynamic model of the psychological contract. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37(2), 167-182. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2007.00330.x
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Schalk, R., & Soeters, J. (2008). Psychological contracts around the globe. In P. B.Smith, M. F.Peterson, & D. C.Thomas (Eds.), The handbook of cross-cultural management research (pp. 117-134). Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schalk, R., & Van der Linden, K. (2011). The influence of cultural intelligence of the supervisor and the cultural similarity between the supervisor and employee on employee engagement. Management Today, 29(10), 62-66.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sels, L., Janssens, M., & Van den Brande, I. (2004). Assessing the nature of psychological contracts: a validation of six dimensions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 461-488. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/job.250
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Sverdrup, T. E., & Stensaker, I. G. (2018). Restoring trust in the context of strategic change. Strategic Organization, 16(4), 401-428. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127017739843
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Syed, S. (2013). Antecedents and outcomes of work-interference with family life: A cross national study in the banking sector in Pakistan and the Netherlands [Doctoral dissertation, Tilburg University]. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/fa57207b-1378-4a2b-8750-5334fe9c771b
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Van den Heuvel, S. (2012). The influence of the psychological contract on attitude towards change: What’s in it for me? [Doctoral dissertation, Tilburg University]. Ridderprint. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/1555ae71-8271-4053-8e61-4fc28b7e0330
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Van den Heuvel, S. R. H., Schalk, R., Freese, C., & Timmerman, V. (2013). Reacties van werknemers op organisatieveranderingen: Een managementperspectief. Tijdschrift voor HRM, 2013(4), 72-95. https://tijdschriftvoorhrm.nl/reacties-van-werknemers-op-organisatieverandering-een-managementperspectief
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Van den Heuvel, S., Schalk, R., Freese, C., & Timmerman, V. (2016). What’s in it for me? A managerial perspective on the influence of the psychological contract on attitude towards change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(2), 263-292. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-06-2015-0100
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Van der Smissen, A. I. M. (2015). Contemporary psychological contracts: How organizational change and generational differences affect employer employee relationships [Doctoral dissertation, Tilburg University]. Uitgeverij BOXPress. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/aaccbb23-4c70-4173-8483-c5aa942c4a12
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Van Duinkerken, A. (1964). Brabantse herinneringen. Het Spectrum.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Van Gilst, E., Schalk, R., Kluijtmans, T., & Poell, R. (2020). The role of remediation in mitigating the negative consequences of psychological contract breach: A qualitative study in the banking sector. Journal of Change Management, 20(3), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2020.1737180
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Van Loon, J. (2013). How do managers cope with dissenting employees? Uncovering psychological contract breach, employee dissent behavior and management coping strategies [Master thesis Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University]. https://www.innovatiefinwerk.nl/sites/innovatiefinwerk.nl/files/field/bijlage/joost_van_loon.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Veli Korkmaz, A., Van Engen, M. L., Knappert, L., & Schalk, R. (2022). About and beyond leading uniqueness and belongingness: A systematic review of inclusive leadership research. Human Resource Management Review, 32(4), 100894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100894
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Wanous, J. P. (1980). Organizational entry: Recruitment, selection and socialization of newcomers. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Yale, A. (2020). What’s the deal? The making, shaping and negotiating of first-year students’ psychological contract with their personal tutor in higher education. Frontiers in Education, Sec. Leadership in Education, 5, 60. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00060
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5117/GO2025.3.001.SCHA
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/GO2025.3.001.SCHA
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error