Direct en indirect contact | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 95, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 0025-9454
  • E-ISSN: 1876-2816

Abstract

Summary

The composition of Dutch society has altered drastically in the last decades. This expanding diversity in terms of culture and religion was accompanied by increased tension and prejudice amongst Dutch citizens. Although we already know a lot about the potential causes of anti-immigrant prejudice among adults, we know less about the processes among Dutch young adolescents (age 16-23). Young adolescents do not fear much direct economic competition yet, and they get much of the information about other cultures through (new) media. Based on contact theory we formulate assumptions with regard to direct (personal) contact as well as indirect contact (via media). In addition, we distinguish attitudes towards Turks and Moroccans from those towards Antilleans and Surinamese. We found that positive personal contact has a strong effect in enhancing positive attitudes for both groups and that social media are able to further enhance the effect of positive contact. Online news websites play the biggest role in decreasing positive attitudes. Finally, all effects showed to be stronger for attitudes towards Turks and Moroccans than towards Antilleans and Surinamese migrants.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2020.2.002.VANB
2020-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/00259454/95/2/02_MEM2020.2_VANB.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2020.2.002.VANB&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Allport, G. W.(1954). The nature of prejudice. New York: Basic Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arnett, J. J.(1995). Adolescents’ uses of media for self-socialization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 519-533.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Atwell Seate, A. & Mastro, D.(2015). Media’s influence on immigration attitudes: An intergroup threat theory approach. Communication Monographs, 83(2), 194-213.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Beelman, A., & Heinemann, K. S.(2012). Preventing prejudice and improving intergroup attitudes: A meta-analysis of child and adolescent training programs. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35, 10-24.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bink, S.(2006). Bijna 25 jaar media- en minderhedenbeleid. Van exclusiviteit naar inclusiviteit. Utrecht: Mira media.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Blinder, S. & Jeannet, A.(2014). Numbers and waves, the illegal and the skilled:The effects of media portrayals of immigrants on public opinion in Britain. 10.2139/ssrn.2476123
    [Google Scholar]
  7. CBS (2018a). Arbeidsdeelname; regionale indeling 2017. Geraadpleegd op 16-05-2019, van https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/83933NED/table?dl=B3C5
    [Google Scholar]
  8. CBS (2018b, 21 november). Bevolking. Geraadpleegd op 15-02-2019, van https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2018/47/bevolking
    [Google Scholar]
  9. CBS(2019). Bevolking; onderwijsniveau; geslacht, leeftijd en migratieachtergrond. Geraadpleegd op 15-05-2019 van https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/82275NED/table?ts=155793 3437186
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ceobanu, A. M. & Escandell, X.(2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: A review of theories and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 309-328.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Coenders, M., Lubbers, M., Grotenhuis, M. te, Thijs, P., & Scheepers, P.(2015). Trends in etnocentrische reacties onder de Nederlandse bevolking, 1979-2012. Mens en maatschappij, 90(4), 405‐433.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Coenders, M., & Scheepers, P.(1998). Support for ethnic discrimination in the Netherlands 1979-1993: Effects of period, cohort, and individual characteristics. European Sociological Review, 14(4), 405-422.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Crisp, R. J., & Turner, R. N.(2009). Can imagined interactions produce positive perceptions? Reducing prejudice through simulated social contact. The American psychologist, 64(4), 231-240. doi:10.1037/a0014718
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Devroe, I. & Saeys, F.(2002). Allochtonen en aanverwante thema’s in de Vlaamse pers. Tijdschrift voor Communicatiewetenschap, 30(2), 56-76.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Dustman, C., & Preston, I.(2001). Attitudes to ethnic minorities, ethnic context and location decisions. The Economic Journal, 111(470), 353-373.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Entman, R. M., & Rojecki, A.(2000). The black image in the white mind: Media and race in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gijsberts, M., & Dagevos, J.(2004). Concentratie en wederzijdse beeldvorming tussen autochtonen en allochtonen. Migrantenstudies, 2004, 3(20), 145-168.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hebling, M.(2014). Framing immigration in western Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(1), 21-41.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Houtman, D.(2000). Een blinde vlek voor cultuur: sociologen over cultureel conservatisme. Assen: Van Gorcum.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Huijnk, W., & Dagevos, J.(2012). Dichter bij elkaar?Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hutnik, N.(1991). Ethnic minority identity: A social psychological perspective. Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Huygen, A. & De Meere, F.(2008). De invloed en effecten van sociale samenhang: Verslag van een literatuurverkenning. Utrecht: Verwey-Jonker Instituut.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Inglehart, Houtman, D.(2000). Een blinde vlek voor cultuur: sociologen over cultureel conservatisme. Assen: Van Gorcum.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Inkeles, A.(1968). Society, social structure, and child socialization, in: J.Clausen (Ed.), Socialization and society (pp. 73-129). Boston: Little Brown.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Karlsson, M. & Strömbäck, J.(2010). Freezing the flow of online news: Exploring approaches to the study of the liquidity of online news. Journalism Studies, 11(1), 2-19.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kennisplatform Integratie & Samenleving(2019). Polarisatie in niet-stedelijke gebieden (verkregen in mei 2019).
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lepianka, D.(2017). More or less strangers: diversity in the dutch media depiction of ethnic minorities and its implications for interethnic solidarity. Ethnic diversity and solidarity: A study of their complex relationship (pp. 127-154). In Koster, F., & de Beer, P. (Eds.). Ethnic diversity and solidarity: A study of their complex relationship. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Mazziotta, A., Mummendey, A., & Wright, S. C.(2011). Vicarious intergroup contact effects: Applying social-cognitive theory to intergroup contact research. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14(2), 255-274. doi:10.1177/1368430210390533
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Möller, J.(2013). Growing into citizenship: The differential role of the media in the political socialization of adolescents. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Paek, H., Reber, B. H., & Lariscy, R. W.(2011). Roles of interpersonal and media socialization agents in adolescent self-reported health literacy: A health socialization perspective. Health Education Research, 26 (1), 131-149, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyq082
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Pagotto, L., & Voci, A.(2013). Direct and mass-mediated contact: The role of different intergroup emotions. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 20(4).
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Pettigrew, T. F. & Tropp, L. R.(2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922-934.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Quintana, S. M.(1998). Children’s developmental understanding of ethnicity and race. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 7(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(98)80020-6
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., & Coenders, M.(2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European countries. Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review. 18, 17-34.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Schemer, C.(2012). The Influence of News Media on Stereotypic Attitudes Toward Immigrants in a Political Campaign. Journal of Communication, 62(5), 739-757.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schlueter, E. & Davidov, E.(2011). Contextual sources of perceived group threat: Negative immigration-related news reports, immigrant group size and their interaction, Spain 1996-2007. European Sociological Review, 29(2), 179-191.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Stark, T. H.(2015). Understanding the selection bias: Social network processes and the effect of prejudice on the avoidance of outgroup friends. Social Psychology Quarterly, 78(2), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272514565252
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Stroud, N. J.(2010). Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, 60, 556-576. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C.(1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: S.Worchel & W. G.Austin. The social psychology of intergroup relation (pp.33-47). Verenigde Staten: Brooks-Cole Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Ten Have, K. & Jehoel-Gijsbers, B.(1986). Werkloze jongeren: een verloren generatie?Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken, 2, 7-14.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Turner, R. N., Hewstone, M., & Voci, A.(2007). Reducing explicit and implicit outgroup prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 369-388. doi:10.1037/0022‑3514.93.3.369
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Van Klingeren, M., Boomgaarden, H. G., Vliegenthart, R., & de Vreese, C. H.(2015). Real world is not enough: The media as an additional source of negative attitudes toward immigration, comparing Denmark and the Netherlands. European Sociological Review, 31(3), 268-283.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Van Leeuwen, M.(2008). Beeldvorming t.a.v. Migranten: ‘Voorbij het beeld’. Negatieve beeldvorming rondom migranten. Den Haag: Stichting Burger.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Van Wonderen, R. & Van Kapel, M.(2017). Oorzaken en triggerfactoren moslimdiscriminatie in Nederland. Utrecht: Verwey-Jonker Instituut.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vergeer, M., Lubbers, M., & Scheepers, P.(2000). Exposure to newspapers and attitudes toward ethnic minorities: A longitudinal analysis. Howard Journal of Communications, 35(4), 127-143.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Vergeer, M., Rutten, P., & Scheepers, P.(1996). Cultivatietheorie in een veranderd medialandschap. Communicatie Wetenschap, 24(2), 120-151.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Verkuyten, M., De Jong, W., & Masson, C. N.(1995). The construction of ethnic categories: Discourses of ethnicity in the Netherlands. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 18(2), 251-276.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Verkuyten, M., Hagendoorn, L., & Masson, K.(1996). The ethnic hierarchy among majority and minority youth in the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26(12), 1104-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01127.x
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Vliegenthart, R.(2007). Framing immigration and integration. Facts, parliament, media and anti-immigrant party support in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Warmenbol, L.(2007). Interetnisch contact en beeldvorming over allochtonen in gemengde stadsbuurten. Migrantenstudies, 4, 282-303.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A.(1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 73-90.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (Eds.). (1985).Selective exposure to communication. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2020.2.002.VANB
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2020.2.002.VANB
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): attitudes; ethnic groups; interethnic contact; media; young adults
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error