Zelfbeschadigend gedrag: complex, maar herstel is mogelijk | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 39, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1567-7109
  • E-ISSN: 2468-1652

Abstract

Abstract

Self-harming behavior among adolescents is an alarming phenomenon: it is a sign of underlying suffering and not knowing how to handle this. Often, there are intense and overwhelming emotions which are unbearable for these patients, or emotions can be completely absent. There are indications that the number of adolescents who self-harm is increasing. In contact with these young people the attitude of professionals is extremely important. Self-harming behavior also has a great impact on professionals, in some cases leading to a deterioration of the relationship with the patient who self-harms. In the first part of this article the phenomenon of self-harm will be described, as well as the prevalence of self-harm among adolescents. In the second part, a qualitative study regarding the patients’ perspective on recovery from severe self-harming behavior is presented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women who had successfully stopped their severe self-harming behavior. Although the participants were adults, their problems started during adolescence, thereby influencing their recovery. The study was executed based on the grounded theory method. The researchers found that the process of stopping self-harm proceeds according to six phases. The bond between professional and patient was identified as key to all phases of the process of recovery. Interventions should focus on strengthening the therapeutic relationship between professional and patient, encouraging patients to develop a more positive self-image and stimulate them to learn alternative behavior for self-harm.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/PED2019.2.002.KOOL
2019-09-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/15677109/39/2/02_PED2019.2_KOOL.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/PED2019.2.002.KOOL&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adrian, M., Zeman, J., Erdley, C., Lisa, L., & Sim, L.(2011). Emotion dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties as risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent girls.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(3), 389–400.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baart, A.(2004). Een theorie van de presentie. Amsterdam: Boom Lemma Uitgevers.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bosch, C.F.M.(1996). Vertrouwdheid: verlangen, ervaren en creeren. Een onderzoek naar de werkelijkheidsbeleving van dementerende ouderen verblijvend op psychogeriatrische verpleegafdelingen. Utrecht: Lemma B.V.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bosman, M., & Van Meijel, B.(2006). Betekenis en behandeling van zelfverwondend gedragMaandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid (MGv), 5, 414–426.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bresin, K., & Schoenleber, M.(2015). Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analysis.Clinical Psychology Review, 38, 55–64.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bun, C.J.E., Van der Kraan, E.G., & Van de Looij-Jansen, P.M.(2012). Zelfbeschadiging bij middelbare scholieren: prevalenties, risicogroepen en risicofactoren.Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 90(6), 352–360.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. De Leo, D., & Heller, T. S.(2004). Who are the kids who self-harm? An Australian self-report school survey. Medical Journal of Australia, 181(3), 140–144.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. De Wilde, E.(2005). CASE NL Een onderzoek naar zelfbeschadigend gedrag onder jongeren. Rotterdam: GGD Rotterdam e.o.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fortune, S., Sinclair, J., & Hawton, K.(2008). Help-seeking before and after episodes of self-harm: A descriptive study in school pupils in England. BMC Public Health, 8, 1–13.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gandhi, A., Luyckx, K., Baetens, I., Kiekens, G., Sleuwaegen, E., Berens, A., . . . Claes, L.(2018). Age of onset of non-suicidal self-injury in Dutch-speaking adolescents and emerging adults: An event history analysis of pooled data. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Jan(80), 170–178.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Grol, M., & Kool, N.(2019). Achter de littekens. Hulpverlenen bij zelfbeschadiging. Amsterdam: SWP.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hawton, K., Rodham, K., & Evans, E.(2006). By their own young hand: Deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideas in adolescents. London: Jessica Kingsley.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Evans, E., & Weatherall, R.(2002). Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England.The British Medical Journal, 325, 1207–1211.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Karman, P., Kool, N., Poslawsky, I.E., & Van Meijel, B.(2015). Nurses' attitudes towards self-harm: A literature review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22, 65–75.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Klonsky, E.D.(2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence.Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 226–239.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kool, N., Van Meijel, B., & Bosman, M.(2009). Behavioral change in patients with severe self-injurious behavior: A patient's perspective.Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 23(1), 25–31.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kool, N., Van Meijel, B., Koekkoek, B., Van der Bijl, J.J., & Kerkhof, A.F.M.(2014). Improving communication and practical skills in working with inpatients who self-harm: A pre-test/post-test study of the effects of a training programme.BMC Psychiatry, 14(64), 1–9.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Luiselli, J.K.(2009). Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among People With Developmental Disabilities (pp. 157-179). In M.K.Nock (Ed.), Understanding Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Origins, Assessment, and Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. McAllister, M.(2003). Mutiple meanings of self harm: A critical review.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12, 177–185.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. McHale, J., & Felton, A.(2010). Self-harm: what’s the problem? A literature review of the factors affecting attitudes towards self-harm.Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17, 732–740.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Muehlenkamp, J.J., Claes, L., Havertape, L., & Plener, P.L.(2012). International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm.Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(10), 1–9.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Nock, M. K., & Favazza, A. R.(2009). Nonsuicidal self-injury: definition and classification. In M.K.Nock (Ed.), Understanding Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Origins, Assessment, and Treatment (pp. 9–18). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J.(2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 885–890.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Pembroke, L.(2006). Limiting self harm. Emergency Nurse, 14(5), 8–10.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Plener, P. L., Schumacher, T. S., Munz, L. M., & Groschwitz, R. C.(2015). The longitudinal course of non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm: A systematic review of the literature. Bordeline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 2(2), 1–11.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T.(2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods (seven ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Saunders, K. E. A., Hawton, K., Fortune, S., & Farrell, S.(2012). Attitudes and knowledge of clinical staff regarding people who self-harm: A systematic review.Journal of Affective Disorders, 139, 205–216.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Schmahl, C., & Baumgartner, U.(2015). Pain in Borderline Personality Disorder.Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry, 30, 166–175.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Schoppmann, S., Schrock, R., Schnepp, W., & Buscher, A.(2007). ‘Then I just showed her my arms...’. Bodily sensations in moments of alienation related to self-injurious behaviour.A hermeneutic phenomenological study Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 14, 587–597.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Starr, D. L.(2004). Understanding those who self-mutilate.Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 42(6), 32–40.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J.(1998). Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Suyemoto, K. L.(1998). The functions of self-mutilation. Clinical Psychology Review, 18(5), 531–554.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Walsh, B. W.(2012). Treating Self-Injury. A Practical Guide (second ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/PED2019.2.002.KOOL
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/PED2019.2.002.KOOL
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): nonsuicidal self-injury; recovery; Self-harm; young people
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error