Mens & Maatschappij: Most Cited Articles http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/00259454?TRACK=RSS Please follow the links to view the content. De erosie van het poldermodel http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2018.3.003.BEER?TRACK=RSS Summary The erosion of the Polder model The central thesis of this article is that the formal institutions of the Dutch neo-corporatist model appear to display a remarkable stability and continuity, but that their actual functioning goes through a gradual transformation, whereby the system has essentially changed its character and has been eroded. First of all, the stability and continuity of the most important formal institutions of Dutch neo-corporatism since the Second World War is described. A number of developments are then outlined that indicate that the model is nevertheless subject to erosion in practice. These include a (contract) wage development that lags far behind productivity developments, the passing on of risks by companies to the employees and a growing number of collective agreements lacking the signature of the largest trade union(s). While the formal rules of the game have largely remained the same, the game of labor relations has changed dramatically in recent decades. As a result, the balance of power between trade unions and employers has changed strongly in favour of the employers. Paul de Beer and Maarten Keune Wed May 12 08:00:59 UTC 2021Z Driegeneraties- en tweeoudersvragen over het opleidingsniveau van mannen en vrouwen in Nederland http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2013.3.WOLB?TRACK=RSS This article estimates for the Netherlands linear regression models for an individual’s level of education by bringing in parental as well as grandparental level of education. The prime question is that of the association between education in the first and third generation after holding constant education in the second generation. For the empirical analysis, we used the five available waves of the Family Survey Dutch Population as conducted in 1992-1993, 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2009. Since both primary respondents and their partner were interviewed about their father, mother and offspring, we could estimate statistical models in which the educational level of all grown-up children was regressed on the educational level of both parents and all four grandparents. The results show that grandfather’s level of education has a direct effect on his grandchild’s level of education, controlled for the educational level of one of the parents. In a model with both mother’s and father’s education, no longer a direct effect of grandfather’s education is found. This suggests that the direct effect of grandfather’s education has become indirect. Furthermore, the positive effect of grandfather’s education on his grandchild’s education declines as a function of parental education. In fact, only children with low educated parents profit from a high educated grandfather. Maarten H.J. Wolbers and Wout C. Ultee Wed May 12 08:00:21 UTC 2021Z Verschillen in groepsdiscriminatie, zoals waargenomen door immigranten uit verschillende herkomstlanden in veertien lidstaten van de Europese Unie http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2009.4.ANDR?TRACK=RSS Perception of in-group discrimination among immigrants in 14 member states of the European Union . Drawing on the second and third wave of the European Social Survey, we analyse the perception of in-group discrimination of 7034 immigrants from 177 different countries of origin in 14 European Union countries. In addition to testing the effects of individual factors, such as education, religion, and migration history, we estimate the effects of macro-characteristics of both origin and destination countries. We distinguish four dimensions of explanations: immigration, religion, economic circumstances and immigration policies. The influence of adherence to Eastern Orthodox, Jewish and non-Christian religions on perceived in-group discrimination is significant, and cannot be explained by characteristics of the origin or destination countries. The migration history of these groups is also relevant for the perceived discrimination: immigrants who are citizens of the country of their destination, who speak the majority language at home and who are married to a native perceive in-group discrimination less often. There are strong effects of the macro-characteristics of the country of origin. Immigrants from poorer origin countries perceive in-group discrimination more often. There are also a significant effects of immigration policies of the country of destination: easy access to long term residence, more relaxed rules for family reunion, no special policy or a more easy entrance to the labour-market for immigrants and a higher level of job protection decreases perceived in-group discrimination among immigrants. Stéfanie André, Jaap Dronkers and Fenella Fleischmann Wed May 12 07:51:05 UTC 2021Z Geregistreerde criminaliteit als indicator van de integratie van niet-westerse allochtonen http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2009.2.JENN?TRACK=RSS Recorded crime as an indicator of the integration of individuals of non-Western origin. In this article, we seek to find out to what extent the various ethnic groups residing in the Netherlands are (over)represented as suspects in the recorded crime statistics. This research reveals that even after correcting for a number of socioeconomic background variables, the probability of being suspected of an offence is still considerably greater for non-Western ethnic minority groups than for the autochthonous Dutch population. Particularly notable in the figures is the large overrepresentation of second-generation Moroccans and first-generation Antilleans. The data we used in this study are recorded crime statistics, which are based on the entire population and can be analysed at the individual level. These data certainly do not provide a complete description of crime in the Netherlands; a substantial ‘dark number’ remains. However, there are no hard indications that this dark number differs between the various ethnic groups residing in the Netherlands. Roel Jennissen, Martine Blom and Annemarije Oosterwaal Wed May 12 07:51:22 UTC 2021Z Eenheid of verdeeldheid? - Burgerschap in een gedifferentieerd voortgezet onderwijssysteem http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2011.1.NETJ?TRACK=RSS United or dispersed? Civic competences in a differentiated schooling system . This paper examines whether there are differences in civic competences between secondary school children on the basis of school type, gender, ethnicity and parents’ education, and whether such differences are smaller in schools that devote greater attention to civic education. Using survey data form students and school principals in fifteen secondary schools in the Netherlands, we examine civic competences relating to ‘democratic behaviour’, ‘socially responsible behaviour’, and ‘dealing with social differences’. Our analyses show that students differ significantly in how they judge their own competences in these domains. Furthermore, differences in socially responsible behaviour between students of different levels of parental education are smaller in schools that pay much attention to civic education. No evidence for mitigating effects of a school’s attention to civic education emerged for either democratic behaviour or responsible behaviour. Justine E. Netjes, Herman G. van de Werfhorst, Anne Bert Dijkstra and Ellen A. M. Geboers Wed May 12 07:51:41 UTC 2021Z Breekt de zon door in het AZC? http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2018.4.002.WEED?TRACK=RSS Abstract The role of the asylum period for the mental health and social integration of asylum permit holders in Rotterdam This research is about the role of the asylum period for the social integration of asylum permit holders and their mental health. The focus is not only on the duration of the asylum period but also on the effect of relocations and activities like volunteering and (language) education. The research uses data from asylum permit holders in the Dutch city of Rotterdam (N = 701). It is found that the duration of the asylum period has negative consequences for the mental health of the asylum permit holders. This is explained by the many relocations which are related to a longer stay in asylum centers and not because of the living conditions in the asylum centers. It is also found that undertaking activities in this period is beneficial for their social integration once they are outside of the asylum center. Luuk Weeda, Meta van der Linden and Jaco Dagevos Wed May 12 05:42:05 UTC 2021Z Ongelijkheid in de participatiestad http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2018.1.SNEL?TRACK=RSS Abstract The current retrenchment of European welfare states is putting more emphasis on citizen participation as an alternative for public services. This study examines differences in neighbourhood participation between urban neighbourhoods in Rotterdam in which, given their population composition, active citizen’s participation is expected to differ. We also examine to which extent neighbourhood characteristics such as neighbourhood deprivation, ethnic diversity and organizational infrastructure and individual characteristics of residents explain variations in neighbourhood participation between neighbourhoods. Using a large survey dataset, bivariate analyses show strong associations between neighbourhood characteristics and average levels of citizen participation. Multilevel regression analysis reveals that these differences in citizen participation are predominantly explained by individual characteristics such as education and age. Our findings show that the current focus on civic participation may result in more inequality: citizens in advantageous positions are at least better equipped to adapt to the retrenchment of the welfare state than those in disadvantaged positions. Erik Snel, Gijs Custers and Godfried Engbersen Wed May 12 08:01:34 UTC 2021Z Vrouwen in leidinggevende functies http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2019.1.003.BLOM?TRACK=RSS Abstract Women in positions of authority Description and explanation of developments in the Netherlands from 1985 to 2008 Women still have limited access to positions of authority in the workplace. Although the slow progress in this regard is much debated, research shedding light on trends in women’s workplace authority remains scarce, particularly outside the US. Moreover, rigorous empirical tests of which processes drive developments in women’s access to authority positions are largely lacking. This study addresses these research gaps. We examine trends in women’s workplace authority and investigate what drove them, concentrating on the role of historical shifts in the composition of the female labor force, labor market conditions, and societal gender ideology. By focusing on the Netherlands, we complement prior studies in the US and Sweden. We use representative, detailed longitudinal data from the Dutch Labor Supply Panel. Results revealed an upward trend in working women’s likelihood of holding positions of supervisory authority between 1985 and 2008. This trend accelerated in later years. Changes in the composition of the female labor force regarding education and experience formed important drivers of this trend. The findings on compositional changes regarding family status and working hours were unexpected. Changes in the composition of the female working population appeared to differ from those in the total female population. As a consequence these changes led to a decrease instead of an increase in women’s authority. Shifts in contextual conditions were also not found to play a role in explaining the trend. Dr. Lieselotte Blommaert, Prof. Dr. ir. Tanja van der Lippe, Prof dr. Ineke Maas and Dr. Eva Jaspers Wed May 12 05:42:19 UTC 2021Z Orthodoxie en integratie van Turks Nederlandse moslims http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2010.1.VERK?TRACK=RSS Orthodoxy and integration among Turkish Dutch Muslims . What is the relationship between religious orthodoxy and psychological, social and political integration of Turkish Dutch Muslims? Orthodox interpretations emphasize that a ‘pure’ Islam is about essential and inerrant truths that provide strict guidelines for everyday life. In the present sample, half of respondents reported (very) strong orthodox beliefs. Orthodoxy was higher among younger compared to older respondents and among those who perceived relatively high levels of rejection of Muslims in the Netherlands. Orthodoxy was negatively associated with national identification but not with national disidentification or with social integration. Orthodoxy was strongly and positively associated with the endorsement of Muslim rights and the attitude towards democratic political organization of Muslims in the Netherlands. Orthodoxy was not related to political (in)tolerance. Together, the results indicate that orthodox beliefs do not necessarily hamper the integration of Turkish Dutch Muslims. Maykel Verkuyten and Ali Aslan Yildiz1 Wed May 12 07:51:16 UTC 2021Z Kiezen en verliezen - Een analyse van de keuze na het krijgen van een B-attest in het Vlaams secundair onderwijs als een replicatie van Kloosterman en De Graaf (2009) http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2009.3.SPRU?TRACK=RSS To choose and to loose: An analysis of educational choices after receiving a B-certificate in Flemish secondary education as a replication of Kloosterman and De Graaf (2009) . This study replicates the main findings of a recent Dutch study of Kloosterman and De Graaf (2009) using data from Flanders. We examine the educational choices made after receiving a ‘B-certificate’. This certificate is given to pupils who fail the year in a particular educational track; it forces them to choose between repeating the year, or, going on to the next year in a different educational track. By studying these non-collective moments of choice, we find that students with a weaker social background have more than a double disadvantage compared to their more fortunate peers. First, due to their generally weaker scholastic performance, the receipt of the B-certificate forces them to make educational choices more often. Second, they tend to make less ambitious choices that limit their future educational career. The study concludes with some generalizations. Bram Spruyt, Ilse Laurijssen and Yolis Van Dorsselaer Wed May 12 07:51:22 UTC 2021Z