Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis: Most Cited Articles http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/00407518?TRACK=RSS Please follow the links to view the content. Zwarte Piet, een blackfacepersonage http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2018.4.001.KONI?TRACK=RSS Abstract Black Pete, a blackface character: a century of blackface amusement in the Netherlands In 1847 the Ethiopian Serenaders successfully introduced American blackface minstrelsy to a Dutch public. A few years later the publication of the Dutch translation of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1853) and the subsequent ‘Tom-play’ led white Dutch actors to perform in blackface. Blackface performances functioned not merely as entertainment, but perpetuated a stereotypical white image of black people. During that same period the ­Amsterdam-based teacher Jan Schenkman published a children’s book including a black servant (St. Nikolaas en zijn knecht, 1850). The servant was known as Black Pete and became established in the Saint Nicolas tradition. In the years to come, Black Pete, generally a white person wearing a blackface mask, leaned heavily on the same elements that made the blackface minstrel dandy type a success: edified clothing, a blackface mask, and anti-­emancipation humour. Elisabeth Koning Wed May 12 12:38:52 UTC 2021Z Kopieergedrag http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2014.4.WUBS?TRACK=RSS Abstract Copy that. The forms and functions of copies in the late medieval letter exchange of Hanseatic towns This article argues that copies distributed as part of the political communication in northern Europe were more than a substitute for the originals or simply an efficient way of spreading information. The case of the Hanseatic towns shows that copies could be refined instruments of diplomacy: they could be a way to express inclusion, support, or openness and impartiality, to give a favour, or show willingness to resolve a conflict. Equally, a copy could exclude, put under pressure, obscure, or manipulate, and even lead to serious conflicts. Circulating copies – or deciding not to circulate them – was a conscious, complex choice made by town councils, individuals, and also rulers. In this analysis a distinction is made between diachronic and synchronic copies, since there were differences in their form and intended functions. Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz Mon May 17 07:29:10 UTC 2021Z De cultuur van het televisiedebat - Veranderende percepties van de relatie tussen media en politiek, 1960 - heden http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2014.2.KAAL?TRACK=RSS This article adopts a new perspective on the interaction between political parties and Dutch television in election campaigns from the 1960s onwards. Rather than exploring the ‘real’ impact of television on the nature and content of political campaigning, it presents a case study of televised debates in order to explore changing perceptions among parties and press regarding the so-called mediatization of politics. It shows that televised debates were at first perceived as a means to bridge the gap between politics and people. In the 1970s and early 1980s, when parties tried to control the set-up of these debates, they met with increasing criticism and were perceived as having hardly any influence on the outcome of the elections. Although the staging of the debates remained the same, midway through the 1980s perceptions of the impact of television dramatically changed. In response to the surprising outcome of the 1986 general election a discourse of mediatization and Americanization became dominant. This in turn resulted in a re-evaluation of the relationship between politics and the media in which the latter were now said to hold the upper hand. Harm Kaal Tue May 18 20:24:38 UTC 2021Z Wisselverkeer door de eeuwen heen - M.A. Denzel, Das System des bargeldlosen Zahlungsverkehrs europäischer Prägung vom Mittelalter bis 1914 (Franz Steiner Verlag; Stuttgart 2008) 582 p., € 78,- ISBN 9783515092920 http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2009.4.B5?TRACK=RSS Joost Jonker Mon May 17 07:21:47 UTC 2021Z Generaties, herinnering en historiciteit http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2011.2.ADRI?TRACK=RSS Although ‘generation’ is a key concept in historiography, the problem of historicity has rarely been discussed within generational theory. In this article, I argue for a revision of generational thinking, which focuses on historical experience instead of political action. I start with a critical assessment of Karl Mannheims seminal essay ‘the Problem of Generations’ (1928). Although the core axiom of his theory – the primary importance of adolescent experiences for generational consciousness – is still valid, his historical materialist interpretation of generations is questionable as it leads to the fallacies of historicism. Alternatively, the imagined character of the generation is emphasized and a reinterpretation of the generational experience as an experience of historicity is proposed. Consequently, the generation is no longer understood as an agent of sociohistorical change, but as a meta-historical category in which the individual’s placement in history is both cognitively understood and socially mediated. Adriaansen Robbert-Jan Mon May 17 07:22:00 UTC 2021Z De lange jaren zeventig http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2010.1.HELL?TRACK=RSS In this article Duco Hellema presents an overview of recent publications about the 1970s. He distinguishes three images of this decade. The first is that of a period of necessary neoliberal reorientation, temporarily hindered by social democratic and union stubbornness. The second is that of a decade of social malaise, individualism, and religiouslyinspired conservatism, tendencies that reacted against the progressive rationality and consensus of the previous period. The third is that of an era of leftism, socialdemocratic dominance, and of a reform-oriented spirit in general. Synthesizing the three images, the ‘long seventies’ emerge as a period of radical changes, that started in the years 1966-67. From the early 1970s conservative counter-movements began to grow and gained strength under the conditions of economic recession and social malaise. The second half of the 1970s was characterized by a political standstill, a deadlock between reform-oriented and conservative tendencies. At the start of the 1980s, the ‘long seventies’ came to an end, as neo-liberalism triumphed in most western countries. These changes had a remarkable global character and could be observed – be it in different forms – all over the world. Therefore, Hellema argues, it is necessary to develop a more global perspective on the seventies. Duco Hellema Mon May 17 07:31:56 UTC 2021Z Scaldis geketend - Percepties van het economische welvaren van de stad Antwerpen of de genese van een handelsideologie (zestiende-negentiende eeuw) http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2010.4.DAMM?TRACK=RSS Analyzing long-term evolutions in the discourse on the closure of the river Scheldt in Antwerp comes down to unlocking an often overlooked but persistent and pervasive rhetoric on the blessings of free trade and seaborne navigation. This so-called ideology of commerce had its origins in the golden sixteenth century, but remained firmly interwoven with the city’s social fabric and institutions, even after its ideological tenets had become less credible later in the seventeenth century. Thus, understanding this ideology of commerce not only rationalizes much of Antwerp’s urban ceremony and acts of self-representation, it also accounts for the city’s poor economic performance at the turn of the eighteenth century. Despite open pleas for protective measures – even within Antwerp itself – the central government in Brussels lacked the means to break with the liberal tariff regimes, which were originally co-negotiated by the commercial lobby of Antwerp. When the river Scheldt was eventually reopened for sea traffic around the beginning of the nineteenth century, a new generation of international merchants revived the mechanics of this commercial rhetoric, which remains firmly connected with the identity of the city itself. Ilja Van Damme Mon May 17 07:21:52 UTC 2021Z De verleiding van een grijze geschiedschrijving - Morele waarden in historische voorstellingen http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2010.3.EICK?TRACK=RSS Many historians believe that the aim of their work is to produce an objective and accurate reconstruction of the past, disposed of moral and political judgements. Analysing various scandals and controversies regarding the history and memory of World War II , Dutch colonialism and the Dutch involvement in Srebrenica, the authors aim to show that pleas to free historiography from the traditional patriotic moral schemes did not led to a supposed ‘scientific neutrality’. In contrary, we saw other values rise to predominance, stemming from the common sense idea that most people just try to survive and that life actually depends fully on fate. Within this ‘grey perspective’ any notion of social and moral responsibility is dissolved, while at the same time perpetrators and victims are implicitly equated. To escape the trap of a naive empiricism and to avoid traditional patriotic moralism as well as the ethical indifference of what has been called the ‘grey perspective’, the authors point to more sophisticated strategies to assess the (changing) attitudes, beliefs and acts of historical personae, departing from a multifocal perspective, just like Saul Friedlander did in his magnum opus on the Third Reich and the Jews. Martijn Eickhoff, Barbara Henkes and Frank van Vree Mon May 17 07:22:19 UTC 2021Z De verzoening van Rennenberg (1579-1581) - Adellijke beweegredenen tijdens de Opstand anders bekeken http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2009.3.SOEN?TRACK=RSS This article reassesses the motivations of noblemen during the Dutch Revolt by means of a case study of the so-called Treason of Rennenberg. According to the conventional view, on 3 March 1580, Georges of Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg, betrayed his nation by surrendering the city of Groningen to Philip II. He did so because he was a Catholic and an egotistical opportunist, seeking money and offices from the King. This article, however, presents Rennenberg’s ‘treason’ as a reconciliation with his King and the outcome of nine months of negotiations. Hence, his decision to give up his rebellion is assessed within the broader models of early modern nobility and state building, patronage, and particularism. This paper argues that although traditional stereotypes fail to explain fully why Rennenberg became reconciled to Philip, the three components of this model are helpful when considered separately. In a combined and contextualized analysis Rennenberg’s reconciliation is seen as one in which he saved Catholicism in Groningen but let it go in Friesland; in which he promised loyalty to the King without receiving his immediate military assistance; in which he won royal favours but saw other properties confiscated by the rebels; in which he acted in concert with some but not all of his kin; and in which he ceded to local pressures as a provincial governor. It was for precisely these reasons that it took Rennenberg nine months to reach an agreement. Violet Soen Mon May 17 07:30:41 UTC 2021Z Nederland in twaalf moorden: repliek http://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGESCH2009.3.BLOK?TRACK=RSS Jan Blokker, Jan Blokker jr. and Bas Blokker Mon May 17 07:22:06 UTC 2021Z