The handmade blue paper project | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 30, Issue 2023
  • ISSN: 1381-0065
  • E-ISSN: 2772-7726

Abstract

Abstract

This essay explores the materiality of Dutch blue paper (1650-1750), describing the methodology developed at the Moulin du Verger papermill (France). Starting from the visual examination of blue paper objects housed in the Rijksmuseum and the study of written sources, the group of researchers based their experiments at this 16th-century mill, equipped with traditional papermaking stampers, a Hollander cylinder and an immense drying loft. The experiments involved the dyeing and preparation of linen fibres with woad and indigo. The study of written sources revealed how scholars, traders and artists described “Dutch blue paper’’ and how it compared with its Venetian predecessor. The access to new raw materials (cotton, indigo, logwood) broadened the range of possibilities, while the introduction of the Hollander beater (ca. 1673) improved considerably the efficiency of Dutch papermakers who were able to produce faster and in greater quantity.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/JNB2023.004.GRIS
2023-09-01
2024-05-01
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/13810065/30/2023/JNB2023.004.GRIS.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/JNB2023.004.GRIS&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aillaud, G.-J., ‘Botanique : les origines du bleu’, in Sublime Indigo, exh. cat., Marseille, 1987, pp. 39-45.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Balaram, P. T., ‘Indian Indigo’, in Feeser, Daly Goggin, FowkesTobin (eds.), The Materiality of Color. The Production, Circulation, and Application of Dyes and Pigments, 1400-1800, London and New York, 2017.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barrett, T., et al., Paper through Time: Nondestructive Analysis of 14th-through 19th-Century Papers, University of Iowa, Last modified May04, 2022. http://paper.lib.uiowa.edu/index.php
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Boulboullé, J., Dupré, D., Burgundian Black: Reworking Early Modern Colour Technologies. Santa Barbara: EMC Imprint, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55239/bb001
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bower, P., ‘Blues and Browns and Drabs: The Evolution of colored papers’, in The broad spectrum: studies in the materials, techniques and conservation of color on paper (ed. by Harriet K.Stratis and BrittSalvesen), London: Archetype Publ., 2002, pp. 42-48.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Browning, B.L., Analysis of paper, 2nd ed., New York, 1977.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brückle, I., ‘The historical manufacture of blue-coloured paper’, Paper Conservator, 17 (1), 1993, p. 20-31, DOI:10.1080/03094227.1993.9638402
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Burns, T., ‘Making Space for the Materiality of Blue Paper’, in: Actes des journées d’étude Les filigranes, une marque à explorer (organisée le 20 octobre 2018) et Histoire du papier et de la papeterie – Actualités de la recherche (organisée le 11 octobre 2019), Paris: site de l’HICSA, published online in 2020, p. 70-84. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121231631/http://hicsa.univ-paris1.fr/documents/pdf/PublicationsLigne/Actes%20Laroque%202020/04_BURNS.pdf.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Burns, T., ‘Carta azzurra: interpreting the material evidence, Venice circa 1500’, in: Venice in Blue: The Use of Carta azzurra in the Artist’s Studio and in the Printer’s Workshop, ca. 1500-50, St Andrews University, in press.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cardon, D., Natural Dyes. Sources, Tradition, Technology and Science, London, 2007.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cardon. D. (ed.), The Dyer’s Handbook. Memoirs on Dyeing by a French Gentleman-Clothier in the Age of the Enlightenment Translated and Contextualized, Oxford-Havertown, 2016.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Charbey, H., Investigations sur les papiers bleus en Europe Occidentale des origines à la fin du 18ème siècle, Première Partie, Mémoire de fin d’études du Département des Arts Graphiques, Institut Français de Restauration des Œuvres d’Art, 1989.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. CordyA., Yeh, K.-N., ‘Blue Dye Identification on Cellulosic Fibers: Indigo, Logwood and Prussian Blue’, JAIC, 24.1, 1984.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Coupry, C., A., Lautié, et al. ‘Les papiers bleus: identification des colorants’, Techne, 4, 1996, pp. 99-107.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Couwenhoven, R., Zaanse verhalen 2019. Papiermolens en Papiermakers, Zaandam, 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Darvill, T., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archeology, Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., 2008.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Desmarets, N., Premier mémoire sur les principales manipulations, qui sont en usage dans les papeteries de Hollande, avec l’explication physique des résultats de ces manipulations. Lu à l’Académie royale des sciences, le 20 février 1771…, Paris: Impr. royale, 1774.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hammeke, E., Logwood dye on paper, [s.d.], accessed August21, 2022, https://moam.info/logwood-dye-on-paper-erin-hammeke_59fd557f1723dd0a5682bf22.html
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Harris, N., Paper and watermarks as bibliographical evidence/Enjeux et méthodes de l’étude du papier et des filigranes en bibliographie matérielle, IHT, Lyon, 2017. Accessed August28, 2022, http://ihl.enssib.fr/sites/ihl.enssib.fr/files/documents/Harris_Paper%20and%20Watermarks.pdf, p. 30.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Joseph, G.M., ‘British Loggers and Spanish Governors: The Logwood Trade and Its Settlements in the Yucatan Peninsula: Part I’, Caribbean Studies, vol. 14, no. 2 (Jul.1974), p. 7-37.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. De Keijzer, M., van Bommel, M.R., et al., ‘Indigo carmine: Understanding a problematic blue dye’, Studies in Conservation, 57: sup1 (2012), S87-S95, DOI: 10.1179/2047058412Y.0000000058
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Delâge, G., L’Angoumois au temps des marchands flamands (17e siècle), Librairie Bruno Sepulchre, Paris, 1990.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lalande, J. de., Art de faire le papier: augmentée de tout ce qui a été écrit de mieux sur ces matières en Allemagne, en Angleterre, en Suisse, en Italie, etc. par J.-E. Bertrand, Extrait de la Description des arts et métiers, faite ou approuvée par MM. de l’Académie Royale de Paris. nouvelle édition. Paris: J. Moronval, 1820.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Leuchs, J.C., Traité complet des propriétés, de la préparation, et de l’emploi des matières tinctoriales et des couleurs, 2 vols., Paris, 1829.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lunning, E., Perkinson, R., The Print Council of America Paper Sample Book. A Practical Guide to the Description of Paper, Cambridge, MA: Print Council of America, 1996.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Martin, M., ‘Indigo : de la construction des savoirs sur un produit exotique à la définition commerciale du produit et de ses usages’, BLUE. Intersecting Worlds of Colour in the 18th Century workshop, Paris, Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art, 6September2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McCarthy, A., Carta azzurra / blauw papier: Drawing on Blue Paper in Italy and the Netherlands, ca. 1450–ca. 1660, PhD Dissertation. University of St Andrews, 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. McCarthy, A.‘Govert Flinck’s Figure Studies on Blue Paper: The Role of Materials in Stylistic Development.’ In Gezeichnete Evidentia: Zeichnungen auf kolorierten Papieren in Süd und Nord von 1400 bis 1700. Ed. by IrisBrahms. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022, pp. 197-216
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Pastoureau, M., Noir. Histoire d’une couleur, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 2011
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pastoureau, M., Bleu. Histoire d’une couleur, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 2014
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Perkinson, R., ‘Summary of the History of Blue Paper’, The American Institute of Conservation, The Book and Paper Group Annual, vol. 16, 1997.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Pinault, M., ‘Pastel et Indigo’, in Sublime Indigo, exh. cat., Marseille, 1987, p 59-74.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pomet, P., Le Marchand sincère, ou Traité général des drogues simples et composées […], Paris, 1695.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Porck, H.J., Vijgtig historische riemkappen, Hoofdoorp: Stichting Papiergeschiedenis Nederland, 2015.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sachet, P., ‘Exploiting antiquarian sale catalogues: a blueprint for the study of sixteenth-century books on blue paper’, in: La Bibliofilia, CXXII, 2020, pp. 465-480.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sauvage, L., ‘The handmade blue paper project. An interdisciplinary low-tech approach to studying material culture’, in Venice in Blue: The Use of Carta azzurra in the Artist’s Studio and in the Printer’s Workshop, ca. 1500-50, St Andrews University, in press.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sauvage, L., Grison, M.-N., ‘Making blue paper: innovations in the Dutch Republic (1650-1750)’, in Drawing on Blue: European Drawings on Blue Paper, 1400s–1700s, Getty Publications, forthcoming 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Van Zyl, J., Theatrum machinarum universale of groot algemeen Moolen-boek, Part II, Amsterdam, 1761.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Viatte, F., ‘Lavis d’indigo et papiers bleus’, in Sublime Indigo, exh. cat., Marseille, 1987, pp. 75-78.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Van Velzen, S.T.J., The Universe between felt and wire: A new look into the typology of Western made paper, PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam, 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Voorn, H., De papiermolens in de provincie Noord-Holland, Haarlem, 1960.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Voorn, H., De laatste wind-papiermolen ter wereld “De Schoolmeester”: het portret van een 280 jaar oude Schoolmeester, Amsterdam, 1972.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/JNB2023.004.GRIS
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/JNB2023.004.GRIS
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error