2004
Volume 4, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2211-6249
  • E-ISSN: 2211-6257

Abstract

This article charts the history of fascism in Finland and looks for the causes of its failure. Like most of its European contemporaries, Finnish nationalism was radicalized in similar processes which produced successful fascist movements elsewhere. After the end of the Great War, Finnish nationalists were engaged first in a bitter civil war, and then in a number of -style attempts to expand the borders of the newly-made Finnish state. Like elsewhere, these experiences produced a generation of frustrated and embittered, radicalized nationalists to serve as the cadre of Finnish fascist movements. The article concentrates on the Lapua movement, in which fascist influences and individuals were in a prominent position, even though the movement publicly adopted a predominantly conservative anti-communist outlook centred on the values of home, religion and fatherland.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1163/22116257-00402005
2015-11-23
2025-12-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/22116249/4/2/22116257_004_02_S004_text.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1163/22116257-00402005&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1.  Max Engman, ‘Legionärer och jägare: Skapandet av en nationell officerskår i mellankrigetstidens nya stater [Legionaries and Jägers: Creating National Corps of Officers in Inter-war New States],’ in Snellmanin ja Mannerheimin välissä: Kirjoituksia sodasta, rauhasta ja isänmaan historiasta[Between Snellman and Mannerheim: Essays on War, Peace and the History of the Fatherland], ed. Jussi Kuusanmäki and Kauko Rumpunen (Helsinki: shs, 2000), 37–38.
    [Google Scholar]
  2.  Isaiah Berlin, The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays (London: Chatto & Windus, 1997), 243–244; Nils Erik Forsgård, ‘Tattarmossmysteriet: Kring motupplysningens idéhistoria i 1930-talets Finland [‘The Tattarmoss Mystery’: In Regard the Counter-Enlightenment in the History of Ideas of 1930’s Finland],’ Historisk Tidskrift för Finland 4 (2000): 468–469.
    [Google Scholar]
  3.  MacGregor Knox, To the Threshold of Power, 1922/33: Origins and Dynamics of the Fascist and National Socialist Dictatorships, Volume 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 232–233.
    [Google Scholar]
  4.  Knox, To the Threshold of Power, 174–182, 223; J. Chr. Fabritius, Miehiä jotka eivät unohda [Män som inte glömma] [Men, Who Won’t Forget] (Helsinki: Otava, 1938), 137–140.
    [Google Scholar]
  5.  Siltala, Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset, 51–54.
    [Google Scholar]
  6.  Siltala, Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset, 32; Ahti, Salaliiton ääriviivat, 297–298; P. H. Norrmén, Politiska essäer (Helsingfors: Söderström & Co., 1941), 99.
    [Google Scholar]
  7.  Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (London: Allen Lane, 2004), 218.
    [Google Scholar]
  8.  Roger Griffin, ‘Studying Fascism in a Postfascist Age: From New Consensus to New Wave?’Fascism: Journal of Comparative Fascist Studies1 (2012): 5–7, accessed October 16, 2015, doi:10.1163/221162512X623601; Siltala, Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset, 56–57.
    [Google Scholar]
  9.  Siltala, Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset, 63–67; Niinistö, Suomalaisia vapaustaistelijoita, 103: The motto of Kosti Paavo Eerolainen: ‘Better to go through illegality to legality, than through legality to illegality.’; Silvennoinen, Paperisydän, 365–366.
    [Google Scholar]
  10.  Siltala, Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset, 74–78, 90–94; Uuno Hannula, Me teemme mitä tahdomme [We Do As We Please] (Helsinki: Helsingin Uusi Kirjapaino, 1933), 17–31, 40–57.
    [Google Scholar]
  11.  Siltala, Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset, 206.
    [Google Scholar]
  12.  Hannula, Me teemme mitä tahdomme, 32–34.
    [Google Scholar]
  13.  Lehtola, Presidentin kyyditys, 9–12, 22–23.
    [Google Scholar]
  14.  Alapuro, Raja railona, 209–211.
    [Google Scholar]
  15.  Niinistö, Suomalaisia vapaustaistelijoita, 94; Isänmaallisen kansanliikkeen yleiset ohjelmaperusteet [The General Program of the Patriotic People’s Movement], 1932, Pohtiva, accessed October 16, 2015, http://www.fsd.uta.fi/pohtiva/ohjelmat/IKL/iklyleis1932.
    [Google Scholar]
  16.  Ibid.; Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, 218.
    [Google Scholar]
  17.  Oula Silvennoinen, Geheime Waffenbrüderschaft: Die sicherheitspolizeiliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen Finnland und Deutschland 1933–1944 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesells­chaft, 2010), 156–157.
    [Google Scholar]
  18.  Knox, To the Threshold of Power, 176, 261.
    [Google Scholar]
  19.  Niinistö, Suomalaisia vapaustaistelijoita, 98.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1163/22116257-00402005
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error