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In 2022 an estimated 602,000 energy-poor residents (7.4% of the total number of residents) lived in the Netherlands. In order to reduce energy poverty and related aspects, various support measures are being taken. But how effective are these and what makes them effective? This article describes three studies that attempt to answer these two questions by mapping the effectiveness of various support measures (energy assistance, renovations, white goods schemes) for reducing energy poverty-related aspects: living comfort, physical health, energy costs and consumption, financial concerns and mental health, connectedness and involvement in the neighbourhood and sustainable behaviour (study 1). In addition, we looked at which characteristics of energy assistance make the assistance effective for residents (study 2). And finally, the added value of natural gas-free renovations with heat pumps and solar panels (study 3) was also investigated. Based on the results found, various recommendations will be made for the government, energy aid organizations and housing associations.