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Volume 13, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2212-4810
  • E-ISSN: 2212-6465
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Abstract

Abstract

The French fight against radical violence has recently entered its “anti-separatism” stage. Anti-separatism is somewhat similar to its precursor, the “deradicalization” framework: It focuses on prevention, underscores the importance of in the (re)education of future republican citizens, and exclusively targets radical Islam. Because of these characteristics, it is commonly understood as an extension of deradicalization policies. This is a misconception. Anti-separatism marks a profound shift in the constitutional model of French secularism and its application to the Muslim community. The 2021 reforms that solidified this change used to conflate radical violence with fundamentalist religious practice and established a new approach to combating terrorism by restricting religious liberties. The article identifies three successive phases in the state’s framing of jihadist violence: (1) a narrow view of primarily employing military, intelligence, and financial mechanisms; (2) the framework asserting that jihadism is rooted in religious communities and should be countered by reinforcing republican values; and the overlooked (3) model that focuses on religious practice and turns against Muslim communal authority shielding individuals from government control. These phases reflect a gradual expansion of “softer” state control over populations achieved by widening the definition of potential suspects from terrorists to sympathizers to, ultimately, religious Muslims. The article argues that the culmination of French policy towards Islam in the anti-separatism approach is linked with the evolution of into a norm that is incompatible with religious identity, and with the state’s confusion of with radical violence.

© Roman Zinigrad
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2025-12-01
2026-03-05
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/content/journals/10.5117/JLRS2025.1.002.ZINI
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): communautarisme; counterterrorism; Islam; jihadism; law and religion; laïcité; radical violence; radicalization; separatism

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