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Richard Wagner was Hitler’s favourite composer, but also his example in motivating his hatred towards Jews. Both claim that the cultural area is poisoned since Jews occupy all key positions. The Entartete Musik exhibition of 1938 illustrates how anti-Semitism can disguise as music criticism, to expose what the Nazis considered degenerate music. Both Jewish composers and black jazz musicians became victims of their racist ideology. After the war, the question was raised whether compositions by Wagner or Richard Strauss should be banished from the stage – in the Netherlands, but even more so in Israel. Daniel Barenboim’s West-Eastern Divan Orchestra tries to bridge the gap between Jews and Arabs; the current conflict, however, only widens that gap. Popular Israeli hip-hop songs glorifying the extermination of the Gaza population show strong similarities with the Nazi songs of the thirties. The concept of ‘anti-Semitism’ has lost its proper meaning here, since Arabs are as Semitic as Jews are.