2004
Volume 46, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 0167-2444
  • E-ISSN: 2949-8651

Abstract

Abstract

This article answers the question of how to deal with the works of the artist Emil Nolde (1867-1956) given his anti-Semitism and Nazism. I argue that a moral flaw of a work of art can sometimes be an aesthetic flaw of a work of art. A work of art is always aesthetically flawed insofar as it possesses an ethical flaw which is aesthetically relevant. To answer this question, I first determine why the Nazi regime did not choose Nolde’s expressionism as Nazi art and even rejected Nolde’s works as degenerate. I will then discuss the question of whether Nolde also adapted his works in some way to Nazi ideology during the Nazi period. In answering both issues, I provide my answer to the question: how we can look at this artist’s work.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/FEP.2025.2.007.STOK
2025-06-01
2025-08-21
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Antliff, Mark, “Aestheticized Politics”, Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (Kelley, M. ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, 4, 26-29.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bouwhuis, Jelle & Seinen, Almar (red.), Kunst in het derde rijk: verleiding & afleiding, Zwolle: WBooks, 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Carroll, Noël, Art in Three Dimensions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Carroll, Noël. “Aesthetics”, Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (Kelley, M. ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, 3, 278-282.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dagen, Philippe, Primitivismes: une invention moderne, Paris: Gallimard, 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Fulda, Bernhard, Emil Nolde: The Artist during the Third Reich. Seebüll: Nolde Stiftung Seebül; Munich: Prestel, 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fulda, Bernhard & Soika, Aya, “Neue Forschungen zu Emil Nolde in Nationalsozialismus: ein kurze Übersicht”, Emil Nolde: Mythos und Wirklichkeit, Die Ungemalten Bilder, Catalogus Museum Lyonel Feininger (Philipsen, C. e.a.), 2023, 22-37.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gaut, Berys, “Art and ethics”, The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics (Gaut, B. & Lopes, D.M. eds.), London/New York: Routledge, 2002, 341-352.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Haftmann, Werner, Emil Nolde, Köln: M. Dumont Schauberg, 1958.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Haftmann, Werner, Emil Nolde Ungemalte Bilder, Aquarelle und ‘Worte am Rande’, Köln:M. Dumont Schauberg, 1963.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Nolde, Emil, Jahre der Kämpfe 1902-1914, Köln: M. Dumont Schauberg1967.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ring, Christian, Emil Nolde, Die Kunst selbst ist meine Sprache, Nolde Stiftung Seebül & München: Prestel, 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Stoker, Wessel, “Over het kijken naar schilderijen. Mulders’ Siena (Vleeswand) en Bacons Crucifixion (1965)”, Pijnlijk Mooi: lijden en schoonheid in christelijke kunst (De Kesel, M. & SpijkerboerA.M. (red.)), Middelburg: Skandalon, 2019, 91-104.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Stoker, Wessel, God opnieuw verbeeld: een theologische kunstbeschouwing, Amsterdam University Press, 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Vergo, P., “Emil Nolde, Myth and Reality”, Catalogus Emil Nolde (Vergo, P. & Lunn.F. eds.), London: Whitechapel, 1996, 38-65.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5117/FEP.2025.2.007.STOK
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/FEP.2025.2.007.STOK
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Keyword(s): anti-Semitism; Art; morality; Nazism
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error