oa [Eenheid en verscheidenheid in het vroege jodendom: De ‘jodendommen’ uit de Tweede Tempeltijd, Unity and Diversity in Early Judaism: The ‘Judaisms’ of the Second Temple Period]

Elaborating upon the ‘Groningen Hypothesis’ on the origins of the Qumran community, Gabriele Boccaccini has developed a typology of different ‘Judaisms’ in Early Judaism. After presenting this hypothesis of a distinct ‘Enochic’ Judaism and its relationship to ‘Zadokite’ and ‘Sapiental’ Judaism, this contribution seeks to briefly evaluate the merits and limitations of this approach. More specifically, it points out that texts should be distinguished from socio-religious realities, and maintains that Early Judaism should be understood in terms of an orthopraxy rather than as a normative ideology.