Inspanning uit balans: Een integraal psychologisch perspectief op de werkdrukproblematiek | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Gedrag & Organisatie
  4. Volume 35, Issue 3
  5. Article
Volume 35, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 0921-5077
  • E-ISSN: 1875-7235

Abstract

Samenvatting

Werkdrukklachten vormen een aanhoudend probleem dat kan leiden tot negatieve gevolgen voor werkenden, zoals stress, vermoeidheid en burn-out. Als gevolg van werkintensivering zal deze werkdrukproblematiek de komende jaren waarschijnlijk nog verder toenemen. Niet altijd is in theorie of praktijk echter duidelijk wat werkdruk is, hetgeen een effectieve aanpak van werkdruk belemmert. Op basis van een literatuurstudie presenteert dit artikel een integraal psychologisch perspectief op werkdruk, samengevat in het inspanningsbalansmodel. Werkdruk wordt hierbij gedefinieerd als een werksituatie die zoveel inspanning van de werkende vergt, dat deze interfereert met de doelen en behoeften van de werkende en/of met diens ruimte voor ontspanning, en ten koste gaat van het eigen welbevinden en functioneren en/of de verbinding met anderen. Een effectieve aanpak van werkdruk dient volgens dit perspectief enerzijds te bestaan uit reductie van werkinspanning en anderzijds uit bevordering van persoonlijke opbrengst, ontspanning, welbevinden/functioneren en verbinding van de werkende. Vragen uit praktijk en wetenschap die het begrip ‘werkdruk’ betreffen, worden in dit artikel op basis van het inspanningsbalansmodel behandeld, en praktische en theoretische implicaties worden benoemd.

© Hylco H. Nijp
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/GO2022.3.005.NIJP
2022-09-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Allvin, M., Aronsson, G., Hagström, T., Johansson, G., & Lundberg, U. (2011). Work without boundaries: Psychological perspectives on the new working life. John Wiley & Sons.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Euwema, M. C. (2005). Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2), 170-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.10.2.170
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Oerlemans, W., & Sonnentag, S. (2013). Workaholism and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1796
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bakker, A. B., & Van Woerkom, M. (2018). Strengths use in organizations: A positive approach of occupational health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 59(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000120
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Barnes, C. M. (2012). Working in our sleep: Sleep and self-regulation in organizations. Organizational Psychology Review, 2(3), 234-257. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386612450181
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Chancellor, J., Margolis, S., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2018). The propagation of everyday prosociality in the workplace. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(3), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1257055
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Christian, M. S., & Ellis, A. P. (2011). Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self-regulatory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 913-934. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0179
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Deci, E. L. (1995). Why we do what we do: Understanding self-motivation. Penguins Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1024-1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1024
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Dettmers, J., Deci, N., Baeriswyl, S., Berset, M., & Krause, A. (2016). Self-endangering work behavior. In M.Wiencke, M.Cacace, & S.Fischer (Eds.), Healthy at work (pp. 37-51). Springer.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Dorenbosch, L. (2014). Striking a balance between work effort and resource regeneration. In I.Ehnert & W.Harry, & K. J.Zink (Eds.), Sustainability and Human Resource Management (pp. 155-180). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37524-8_7
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Edwards, J. R. (2008). Person-environment fit in organizations: An assessment of theoretical progress. Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 167-230. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211503
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Eurofound and the International Labour Office. (2017). Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, and the International Labour Office, Geneva.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions?Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300-319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Gaillard, A. (2003). Stress, productiviteit en gezondheid. Uitgeverij Nieuwezijds.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Gino, F., & Staats, B. (2016). Why organizations don’t learn. Harvard Business Review, 94(1-2), 110-118.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Geen, R. G. (1995). Human motivation: A social psychological approach. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Green, F. (2004). Why has work effort become more intense?Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 43(4), 709-741. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0019-8676.2004.00359.x
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different fits satisfy different needs: Linking person-environment fit to employee commitment and performance using self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 465-477. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014068
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Hockey, B. R. (2013). The psychology of fatigue: Work, effort and control. Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Houtman, I. L. D., Dhondt, S., Preenen, P., Kraan, K. O., & De Vroome, E. M. M. (2020). Intensivering van werk in Nederland: Waarover gaat het en wat doen we eraan?Wetenschappelijke raad voor regeringsbeleid, Den Haag.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hunter, E. M., & Wu, C. (2016). Give me a better break: Choosing workday break activities to maximize resource recovery. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000045
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Jex, J. (1998). Geciteerd inWikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workload
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Johnson, J. V., & Hall, E. M. (1988). Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. American Journal of Public Health, 78(10), 1336-1342. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.78.10.1336
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Strauss, Giroux.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392498
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Konrath, S., & Brown, S. (2013). The effects of giving on givers. In M. L.Newman & N. A.Roberts (Eds.), Health and social relationships: The good, the bad, and the complicated (pp. 39-64). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14036-003
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Kroon, B., Meyers, M. C., & Van Woerkom, M. (2019). Het verlagen van werkdruk: Positieve, preventieve en proactieve interventies. Gedrag & Organisatie, 32(4), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.5117/2019.032.004.001
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Krueger, A. B., Kahneman, D., Fischler, C., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2009). Time use and subjective well-being in France and the US. Social Indicators Research, 93(1), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9415-4
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Kujanpää, M., Syrek, C., Lehr, D., Kinnunen, U., Reins, J. A., & De Bloom, J. (2021). Need satisfaction and optimal functioning at leisure and work: A longitudinal validation study of the DRAMMA model. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(2), 681-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00247-3
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Larsen, R. J., & Buss, D. M. (2005). Personality psychology: Domains of knowledge about human nature. McGraw Hill.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Leary, M. R. (2005). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16(1), 75-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280540000007
     [Google Scholar]
  40. LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor–hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(5), 764-775. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.18803921
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Lips-Wiersma, M., & Wright, S. (2012). Measuring the meaning of meaningful work: Development and validation of the Comprehensive Meaningful Work Scale (CMWS). Group & Organization Management, 37(5), 655-685. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112461578
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lundberg, U., & Cooper, C.L. (2010). The science of occupational health: stress, psychobiology, and the new world of work. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391121.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Lovato, N., & Lack, L. (2010). The effects of napping on cognitive functioning. In Progress in brain research (Vol. 185, pp. 155-166). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00009-9
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Loveday, P. M., Lovell, G. P., & Jones, C. M. (2018). The importance of leisure and the psychological mechanisms involved in living a good life: A content analysis of best-possible-selves texts. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1374441
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-969. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954
     [Google Scholar]
  46. McEwen, B. S. (2000). Allostasis and allostatic load: Implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology, 22(2), 108-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00129-3
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. D.Drenth & H.Thierry (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology (Volume 2, pp. 5-33). Psychology press.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Meijman, T., & Zijlstra, F. (2007). Arbeid en mentale inspanning. In W.Schaufeli & A.Bakker (Red.), De psychologie van arbeid en gezondheid (pp. 51-69). Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Mogilner, C., Chance, Z., & Norton, M. I. (2012). Giving time gives you time. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1233-1238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612442551
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Newman, D. B., Tay, L. & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 555–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Osagie, E. R., Wielenga-Meijer, E. G., Detaille, S., & De Lange, A. H. (2019). Het concept werkvermogen: een literatuuroverzicht van antecedenten en consequenties. Tijdschrift voor HRM, 22(1), 42-73. https://doi.org/10.5117/THRM2019.1.OSAG
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Ouyang, K., Cheng, B. H., Lam, W., & Parker, S. K. (2019). Enjoy your evening, be proactive tomorrow: How off-job experiences shape daily proactivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(8), 1003-1019. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000391
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Ozcelik, H., & Barsade, S. G. (2018). No employee an island: Workplace loneliness and job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2343-2366. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.1066
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Preedy, V. R., & Watson, R. R. (2010). Psychological functioning. In V. R.Preedy & R. R.Watson (Eds.), Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures (p. 4300). Springer.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Rosso, B. D., Dekas, K. H., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2010). On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30, 91-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Brown, K. W. (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(1), 95-122. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.95
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Schaufeli, W., & Salanova, M. (2014). Burnout, boredom and engagement at the workplace. In M. C. W.Peeters, J.de Jonge, & T. W.Taris (Eds.), An introduction to contemporary work psychology (pp. 293-320). John Wiley & Sons.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2014). A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health. In Bridging occupational, organizational and public health (pp. 43-68). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5640-3_4
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 482-497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Godin, I., Marmot, M., Niedhammer, I., & Peter, R. (2004). The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1483-1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00351-4
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Sullivan, T. A. (2014). Greedy institutions, overwork, and work-life balance. Sociological Inquiry, 84(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12029
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Tadić, M., Bakker, A. B., & Oerlemans, W. G. (2013). Work happiness among teachers: A day reconstruction study on the role of self-concordance. Journal of School Psychology, 51(6), 735-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2013.07.002
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395592
     [Google Scholar]
  65. TNO. (2019). ARBO-balans: Kwaliteit van de arbeid, effecten en maatregelen in Nederland. Rapport in opdracht van Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid. TNO.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Tucker, P. (2003). The impact of rest breaks upon accident risk, fatigue and performance: A review. Work & Stress, 17(2), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267837031000155949
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Van den Broeck, A., VanSteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Lens, W., & Andriessen, M. (2009). De Zelf-Determinatie Theorie: kwalitatief goed motiveren op de werkvloer. Gedrag & Organisatie, 22(4), 316-335. https://doi.org/10.5117/2009.022.004.002
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Van den Groenendaal, S. M., Freese, C., & van Veldhoven, M. (2020). Een integraal contextueel perspectief op werkintensivering van beroepen. Tijdschrift voor HRM, 23(3), 40-65. https://doi.org/10.5117/THRM2020.3.GROE
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Van Leeuwen, A., Van Dam, K., & Van Ruysseveldt, J. (2019). Werkdruk: vriend of vijand? De rol van doeloriëntatie in de appraisal van werkdruk. Gedrag & Organisatie, 32(4), 225-249. https://doi.org/10.5117/2019.032.004.002
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., & Broersen, S. (2003). Measurement quality and validity of the “need for recovery scale”. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(suppl 1), i3-i9.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Van Woerkom, M. (2021). Building positive organizations: A typology of positive psychology interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 769782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769782
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Wiezer, N., Schelvis, R., Van Zwieten, M., Kraan, K., Van der Klauw, M., Houtman, I., Kwantes, J. H., & Bakhuys Rooseboom, M. (2012). Werkdruk. TNO.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Williams, J. C., Berdahl, J. L., & Vandello, J. A. (2016). Beyond work-life “integration”. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 515-539. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevpsych-122414-033710
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.2.121
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/GO2022.3.005.NIJP
Loading
Inspanning uit balans: Een integraal psychologisch perspectief op de werkdrukproblematiek
G&O 35, 350 (2022); https://doi.org/10.5117/GO2022.3.005.NIJP
/content/journals/10.5117/GO2022.3.005.NIJP
/content/journals/10.5117/GO2022.3.005.NIJP
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Keyword(s): burn-out; work demands; work design; work intensification; work life balance

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error