Economisch zelfstandig en (niet) beschermd tegen partnergeweld:1 hoe het complexe verband tussen economische zelfstandigheid en partnergeweld de noodzaak van gendersensitief beleid onderstreept | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 24, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1388-3186
  • E-ISSN: 2352-2437

Abstract

Abstract

In the Netherlands, the assumed causal relationship between employment, economic independence, and individual freedom of choice has been extended to the approach of intimate partner violence (IPV). In the interests of combating IPV, it is crucial to further investigate this relationship. Based on a literature review, this article shows that the relationship between economic independence and IPV is highly complex. To unravel this complex relationship, a socio-ecological analysis framework has been applied. First, it is a layered relation, in which employment does not necessarily lead to economic independence, which can be explained by social inequalities. Secondly, the relation is bidirectional in that women do not by definition have access to their own financial recourses due to tactics of financial control by the intimate partner. This reveals the coexistence of IPV and economic abuse, and the extent to which an intimate relationship effects the scope for individual choice. Thirdly, there is a paradoxical relationship in that employment is both a protective and a risk factor for IPV. This, in turn, cannot be separated from traditional norms about masculinity and femininity, where men occupy a position of power and derive status from being the breadwinner. These findings imply that not only the approach to IPV but also labour market policy requires a gender-sensitive approach.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/TVGN2021.2.003.BOUM
2021-07-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/13883186/24/2/03_TVGN2021.2_BOUM.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/TVGN2021.2.003.BOUM&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alsaker, K., Moen, B.E., Baste, V., & Morken, T.(2016). How has living with intimate partner violence affected the work situation? A qualitative study among abused women in Norway. Journal of Family Violence, 31, 479–487.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Atria. (2019), Comments on ‘The prevalence of domestic violence and child abuse in the Netherlands’ (2019), Shadow report of Atria for GREVIO Commission Monitoring mission to the Netherlands March 11–15, 2019. Amsterdam: Atria.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bornstein, R.F.(2006). The complex relationship between dependency and domestic violence: Converging psychological factors and social forces. American Psychologist, 61(6), 595–606.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bouma, S., Berry, D., & Römkens, R.(2021). Financiële (on)afhankelijkheid van de vrouw en partnergeweld: wat is het verband?Amsterdam: Atria.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brush, L.D.(2003). Effects of work on hitting and hurting. Violence Against Women, 9, 1213–1230.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cho, H., Velez-Ortiz, D., & Parra-Cardona, J.R.(2014). Prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated risk factors among Latinos/as: An exploratory study with three Latino subpopulations. Violence Against Women, 20(9), 1041–1058.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Christy-McMullin, K.(2005). Economic resources and woman abuse: Differences and similarities among African American, Hispanic, and White women. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3–4), 103–123.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Chronister, K.M.(2007). Contextualizing women domestic violence survivors’ economic and emotional dependencies. American Psychologist, 62(7), 706–708.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. De Jong, E.(2018). Factsheet Loonkloof. Amsterdam: Atria.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. De Vaan, K., Dijkstra, S., & Witkamp, B.(2016). Gendersensitiviteit van prevalentieonderzoek huiselijk geweld: Een advies aan het WODC. Amsterdam: Regioplan.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D., & Rahman, S.(2013). Mental and physical health and intimate partner violence against women: A review of the literature. International Journal of Family Medicine, 1–15.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fleury, R.E., Sullivan, C.M., & Bybee, D.I.(2000). When ending the relationship does not end the violence. Violence Against Women, 6(12), 1363–1383.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fox, G.L., Benson, M.L., DeMaris, A.A., Van Wyk, J.(2002). Economic distress and intimate violence: Testing family stress and resources theories. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 793–807.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. FRA (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights). (2014). Violence against women: An EU wide survey. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gelles, R.J.(1974). The violent home: A study of physical aggression between husbands and wives. Beverly Hills: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gelles, R.J.(1976). Abused wives: Why do they stay? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 659–668.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gül, S.S.(2013). The role of the State in protecting women against domestic violence and women’s shelters in Turkey. Women’s Studies International Forum, 38, 107–116.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hayes, B.E.(2016). Impact of victim, offender, and relationship characteristics on frequency and timing of intimate partner violence using life history calendar data. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 53(2), 189–219.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Homans, G.C.(1974). Social behavior: Its elementary forms (Herz. ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace & World.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kaukinen, C.(2004). Status compatibility, physical violence, and emotional abuse in intimate relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 452–471.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kelly, J.B., & Johnson, M.P.(2008). Differentiation among types of intimate partner violence: Research update and implications for interventions. Family Court Review, 46(3), 476–499.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kim, J., & Gray, K.A.(2008). Leave or stay? Battered women’s decision after intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(10), 1465–1482.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kocacik, F., Kutlar, A., Erselcan, F.(2007). Domestic violence against women: A field study in Turkey.The Social Science Journal, 44(4), 698–720.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Portegijs, W.(2018). Ons geld. Vrouwen en mannen over het belang van inkomen en economische zelfstandigheid voor vrouwen. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Postmus, J.L., Plummer, S.B., McMahon, S., Murshid, N.S., & Kim, M.S.(2012). Understanding economic abuse in the lives of survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(3), 411–430.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Powers, R.A., & Kaukinen, C.E.(2012). Trends in intimate partner violence: 1980–2008. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(15), 3072–3090.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Riger, S., & Krieglstein, M.(2000). The impact of welfare reform on men’s violence against women. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(5), 631–647.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Riger, S., & Staggs, S.L.(2004). Welfare reform, domestic violence and employment: What do we know and what do we need to know?Violence Against Women, 10, 961–990.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Römkens, R.(1992). Gewoon geweld? Omvang, aard, gevolgen en achtergronden van geweld tegen vrouwen in heteroseksuele relaties. Amsterdam: Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Römkens, R.(1997). Prevalence of wife abuse in the Netherlands. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(1), 99–125.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Römkens, R.(2010). Omstreden gelijkheid; over de constructie van (on)gelijkheid van vrouwen en mannen in partnergeweld. Justitiële verkenningen: Documentatieblad van het Ministerie van Justitie, 36(8), 11–32.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Rusbult, C.E., & Martz, J.M.(1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An investment model analysis of nonvoluntary dependence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 558–571.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Russell, D.(1975). The politics of rape: The victim’s perspective. New York: Stein & Day.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Sanders, C.K.(2015). Economic abuse in the lives of women abused by an intimate partner: A qualitative study. Violence Against Women, 21(1), 3–29.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Storms, O., & Visser, A.(2018). Methodebeschrijving De Nieuwe Toekomst (DNT). Databank Effectieve Sociale Interventies: Movisie.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Ten Boom, A., & Wittebrood, K.(2019). De prevalentie van huiselijk geweld en kindermishandeling in Nederland. Den Haag: WODC. Cahier 2019-1.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. TK. (2018, 29 maart). Emancipatienota 2018–2021: Principes in de praktijk. Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Tweede Kamer, vergaderjaar 2017/2018, 30420, nr. 270.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Van den Brakel, M., Portegijs, W., & Hermans, B.(2020). Emancipatiemonitor 2020. Den Haag: Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Van Dijk, T., van Veen, M., & Cox, E.(2010). Rapport Huiselijk Geweld. Aard, omvang, omstandigheden en hulpzoekgedrag. Den Haag: WODC.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Van Doorne-Huiskes, A., Römkens, R., Schippers, J., & Wiersma, A.(2017). Van privéprobleem tot overheidszorg. Geschiedenis van het emancipatiebeleid in Nederland. Amsterdam/Zoetermeer: Atria/Lecturium.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Velonis, A.J., Daoud, N., Matheson, F., Woodhall-Melnik, J., Hamilton-Wright, S., & O’Campo, P.(2017). Strategizing safety: Theoretical frameworks to understand women’s decision making in the face of partner violence and social inequities. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(21), 3321–3345.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Voth Schrag, R.J.(2019). Experiences of economic abuse in the community: Listening to survivor voices. Journal of Women and Social Work, 34(3), 313–324.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. World Health Organization. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women: Intimate partner violence. Geneve: WHO.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. World Health Organization. (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. Geneve: WHO.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Xie, M., Heimer, K., & Lauritsen, J.L.(2012). Violence against women in U.S. metropolitan areas: Changes in women’s status and risk, 1980–2004*. American Society of Criminology, 50(1), 105–143.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/TVGN2021.2.003.BOUM
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error