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- Volume 137, Issue 4, 2024
Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis - Volume 137, Issue 4, 2024
Volume 137, Issue 4, 2024
- Inleiding
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- Artikel
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‘De spijkers zijn eruit, maar de gaten zijn gebleven’
More LessAbstract‘The nails are out, but the holes remain’. From enslaved people to citizens of Suriname
This contribution examines the policy of the colonial administration in Suriname between 1863 and 1940 to integrate formerly enslaved people (called Creoles after 1863) into Surinamese society after the abolition of slavery. The focus is on socio-economic, socio-cultural, and political measures. These measures are examined in order to discover to what extent they led to full citizenship for the former enslaved people in socio-economic, socio-cultural, and political terms. The starting point is 1863, when slavery was abolished in Suriname, and the end point is 1940, when the outbreak of World War II ended Suriname as an agricultural colony. On the socio-economic front, planter interests dominated, with the former enslaved and their descendants continuing to provide cheap labour on the plantations. Government measures to create a structural class of Creole smallholders (peasantry) were absent. In socio-cultural terms, the policy was to encourage Creole assimilation of Dutch language and culture (Dutchification or going Dutch). After 1863 the colonial administration banned African-American religious and other cultural expressions. Suriname had had limited suffrage since 1866, and because of this the Creole working class was excluded from political life. Rather than full citizenship, we can speak of a ‘debased’ form of citizenship.
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Vrijheid in verbinding
More LessAbstractFreedom in connection. The Surinamese community and the commemoration of slavery in Curaçao, from the early years to 1970.
This article examines the role of Surinamese people in the commemorations of slavery in Curaçao, from their arrival as migrant laborers in the early twentieth century until 1970. It highlights how these commemorations have contributed to the national narrative surrounding identity and provided deeper insight into the shared history of Surinamese and Curaçaoans. In Curaçao, Surinamese people continued to commemorate July 1, as they had in their homeland. Although this was a form of coming together to remember their heritage, the event was also open to the local population. In contrast to the annual commemoration of slavery in Suriname, the observance in Curaçao was not an annual event for a long time. It wasn’t until the radical youth of Curaçao became more engaged in the 1960s that the significance of these commemorations began to grow, particularly their focus on the commemoration of August 17, 1795, rather than July 1. Nevertheless, some of these individuals found a platform in the Surinamese organization JPF, which also contributed to raising their consciousness.
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- Beeldessay
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- Artikel
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Een historiografische verkenning van kolonialisme, koloniale slavernij en universitaire geschiedenis
More LessAbstractA historiographical exploration of colonialism, colonial slavery, and university history
This article explores the colonial dimension of the history of universities focusing on the Netherlands, but also making international comparisons. It concerns particularly the modern period, as the colonial connection grew during the late nineteenth century. Colonial knowledge was institutionalized by the imperial state and businesses, with universities hosting specialized programs like Indology and tropical studies. These institutions produced knowledge about colonized peoples and developed technologies for exploiting resources. Dutch universities trained students for colonial careers, aimed at more efficient exploitation of colonies. However, the history of universities has largely been written from a national perspective, neglecting the colonial aspects. This article explores three themes: recent studies on slavery and universities, the role of Dutch universities in supporting colonial power, and contemporary debates on decolonizing universities and confronting their colonial legacy. It calls for further research into the colonial roots of universities to better understand historical power structures and current efforts to address racial inequality and engage in the decolonization of universities.
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Medische experimenten in de Nederlandse slavenhandel
By Claire WeedaAbstractMedical experiments in the Dutch slave trade. The case of David Henri Gallandat (1732-1782) This article argues that the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the Dutch Caribbean provided a platform for ambitious surgeons seeking careers in the emerging field of clinical medicine in Europe. By gathering and testing knowledge on and around slave ships in Guinea in Africa, in Suriname, and on the Caribbean islands, surgeons like David Henri Gallandat positioned themselves as experts in the slave trade market. Gallandat and others engaged in cruel medical experiments on enslaved people, and were aware of the unethical aspects of these practices. These surgeons published their findings in the academic journals of European learned societies, such as the Koninklijk Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen that Gallandat helped to establish.
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Epistemicide in het slavernijgeschiedenisbedrijf en de media in Nederland
More LessAbstractEpistemicide in the Dutch department of slavery history and the media. An initiative for further research
Drawing from my personal experiences, I will show that epistemicide is difficult to combat despite legislation and human rights declarations. The primary reasons are a lack of will of the dominant group, and flaws in article 7 of the Dutch Constitution. This constitutional article guarantees both freedom of expression and freedom of press, which may involve conflicting interests. Media can use freedom of the press to undermine citizens’ freedom of expression by controlling who writes for them and what knowledge they disseminate, without being held accountable. In a society characterized by structural inequality (racism) dominant media can exclude dissident knowledge, resulting in the restriction of knowledge, misinformation, and the undermining of democracy. This also applies to historians. Historians can do the same, but without the support of the constitution.
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- Discussiedossier: excuses en herstel
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