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Essence of the watermill landscape in the Mosbeek Valley. Dynamics in the interplay between earth, humans, and nature explained
The Mosbeek Valley in Twente is a unique example of a watermill landscape where centuries of interaction between earth, humans, and nature have resulted in a unique cultural-historical and ecological system. This article highlights how unique ecological values have emerged in uneven terrain with headwaters and watermills since the Middle Ages but have also come under pressure. Understanding this requires a broad perspective on landscape. Through in-depth geological, (paleo)ecological, and historical research, it becomes clear how human interventions, such as deforestation, watermill construction, peat development, and later land reclamation, have created and put pressure on a complex and valuable ecosystem. Understanding the past also allows us to better anticipate the future. Principles such as soil and water management are essential to improve resilience to climate change, environmental problems, and biodiversity loss. The analysis emphasizes the importance of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to landscape research and management, and the results of restoration measures.