2004
Volume 42 Number 3
  • ISSN: 1567-7109
  • E-ISSN: 2468-1652

Abstract

Abstract (EN)

Within the field of youth care and child protective services, professionals struggle with the number of youths who are being refused for treatment due to the risk of physical aggression. Their complex behaviour problems have often developed from unsafe or neglecting environments, child abuse, or other interpersonal trauma. Still, the fear of unsafety caused by their aggressive behaviour continually stands in the way of treatment of their externalizing symptoms. The current article addresses this paradox by emphasizing the importance of interpreting this behaviour in relation to the underlying causes, such as traumatic experiences and the development of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Four elements are discussed in order to break this cycle of rejection and unsafety, namely: (1) co-regulation in the dyadic relationship (2) setting boundaries without rejecting the person, (3) trauma treatment, and (4) professionalisation of youth care professionals.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/PED2022.3.006.JOOS
2022-12-01
2024-10-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/15677109/42/3/PED2022.3.006.JOOS.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/PED2022.3.006.JOOS&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aelen, F., & Brouwers, T. (2020). Polyvagale theorie als ingang naar het kalme brein. Tijdschrift van de Vereniging voor Kinder- en Jeugdpsychotherapie, 47(2), 206-217.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alexander, P. C. (2009). Childhood trauma, attachment, and abuse by multiple partners. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1(1), 78-88.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Allen, J. P., Hauser, S. T., & Borman-Spurrell, E. (1996). Attachment theory as a framework for understanding sequelae of severe adolescent psychopathology: An 11-year follow-up study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(2), 254-263.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. American Psychiatric Association, D. S., & American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Vol. 5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bicanic, I. A. E., De Jongh, A., & Ten Broeke, E. (2015). Stabilisatie in traumabehandeling bij complexe PTSS: Noodzaak of mythe?Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 57(5), 332-339.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cyr, C., Euser, E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2010). Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses. Development and Psychopathology, 22(1), 87-108.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Delker, B. C., Bernstein, R. E., & Laurent, H. K. (2018). Out of harm’s way: Secure versus insecure–disorganized attachment predicts less adolescent risk taking related to childhood poverty. Development and Psychopathology, 30(1), 283-296.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. De Wolff, M., & Wildeman, I. (2020). Richtlijn problematische gehechtheid voor jeugdhulp en jeugdbescherming. Beroepsvereniging van Professionals in Sociaal Werk, Nederlands Instituut van Psychologen, Nederlandse vereniging van pedagogen en onderwijskundigen, Nederlands Jeugdinstituut.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Duschinsky, R., Bakkum, L., Mannes, J. M., Skinner, G. C., Turner, M., Mann, A., … & Beckwith, H. (2021). Six attachment discourses: Convergence, divergence and relay. Attachment & Human Development, 23(4), 355-374.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Elliott, D. M., & Guy, J. D. (1993). Mental health professionals versus non-mentalhealth professionals: Childhood trauma and adult functioning. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24(1), 83-90.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fearon, P. R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A-M. & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81(2), 435-456.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Galbally, M., Watson, S. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Tharner, A., Luijk, M., & Lewis, A. J. (2022). Maternal trauma but not perinatal depression predicts infant-parent attachment. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 25(1), 215-225.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Granqvist, P., Sroufe, L. A., Dozier, M., Hesse, E., Steele, M., Van IJzendoorn, M., … & Duschinsky, R. (2017). Disorganized attachment in infancy: A review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers. Attachment & Human Development, 19(6), 534-558.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Groot, C., Saris, R., Schlattmann, N., & de Roos, C. (2022). Behándel dat trauma, ook in gesloten jeugdzorg. Kind & Adolescent Praktijk, 21(1), 30-37.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hesse, E., & Main, M. (2006). Frightened, threatening, and dissociative parental behavior in low-risk samples: Description, discussion, and interpretations. Development and Psychopathology, 18(2), 309-343.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Jowett, S., Karatzias, T., & Albert, I. (2020). Multiple and interpersonal trauma are risk factors for both post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review on the traumatic backgrounds and clinical characteristics of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder/borderline personality disorder groups versus single-disorder groups. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 93(3), 621-638.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kagan, R., & Spinazzola, J. (2013). Real life heroes in residential treatment: Implementation of an integrated model of trauma and resiliency-focused treatment for children and adolescents with complex PTSD. Journal of Family Violence, 28(7), 705-715.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Kochanska, K., & Kim, S. (2012). Toward a new understanding of legacy of early attachments for future antisocial trajectories: Evidence from two longitudinal studies. Development and Psychopathology, 24(3), 783-806.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kok, R. (2017). Emotion regulation. In V.Zeigler-Hill & T.K.Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1281-1290). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Lünnemann, M. K. M., Van der Horst, F. C. P., Prinzie, P., Luijk, M. P. C. M., & Steketee, M. (2019). The intergenerational impact of trauma and family violence on parents and their children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 96, 104-134.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E., & Parsons, E. (1999). Maternal frightened, frightening, or atypical behavior and disorganized infant attachment patterns. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64(3), 67-96.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Moss, E., St-Laurent, D., Tarabulsy, G. M., & Bureau, J.-F. (2011). Understanding disorganized attachment at preschool and school age: Examining divergent pathways of disorganized and controlling children. In J.Solomon & C.George (Eds.). Disorganized attachment and caregiving (pp. 52-79). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Out, D., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2009). The role of disconnected and extremely insensitive parenting in the development of disorganized attachment: Validation of a new measure. Attachment & Human Development, 11(5), 419-443.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Porges, S. W. (2011). Polyvagal theory. New York/London: Norton.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Robertson, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). Emotion regulation and aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(1), 72-82.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rogers, C. R., & Dymond, R. F. (1954). Psychotherapy and personality change. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Röll, J., Koglin, U., & Petermann, F. (2012). Emotion regulation and childhood aggression: Longitudinal associations. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(6), 909-923.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Siegel, D. (1999). The developing mind. New York: Guilford.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Solomon, J., & George, C. (2011a). Disorganization of maternal caregiving across two generations. In J.Solomon & C.George (Eds.). Disorganized attachment and caregiving (pp. 25-51). New York: Guilford Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Solomon, J. & George, C. (2011b). The disorganized attachment-caregiving system: Dysregulation of adaptive processes at multiple levels. In J.Solomon & C.George (Eds.). Disorganized attachment and caregiving (pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Spangler, G., & Zimmerman, P. (2014). Emotional and adrenocortical regulation in early adolescence: Prediction by attachment security and disorganization in infancy. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(2), 142-154.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Steele, H. & Siever, L. (2010). An attachment perspective on borderline personality disorder: Advances in gene-environment considerations. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(1), 61-67.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Steyaert, (2008, 1september). 2004 Savanna: Professionals tussen bureaucratie en zorgvuldigheid. Canon Sociaal Werk. https://www.canonsociaalwerk.eu/nl_jz/details.php?cps=31&canon_id=63.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Thijssen, W. (2022, 13februari). In de jeugdzorg spreekt men van ‘voor’ en ‘na’ Savanna; het was een keerpunt. De Volkskrant.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Van der Horst, F., Lucassen, N., Kok, R., Sentse, M., Jooren, L., Van Rosmalen, L., & Luijk, M. (2020). Opgroeien in het hedendaagse gezin. Houten, Nederland: LannooCampus.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Van Ee, E., Kleber, R. J., Jongmans, M. J., Mooren, T. T., & Out, D. (2016). Parental PTSD, adverse parenting and child attachment in a refugee sample. Attachment & Human Development, 18(3), 273-291.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Feldbrugge, J. T. T. M., Derks, F. C. H., De Ruiter, C., Verhagen, M. F. M., Philipse, M. W. G., … & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A. (1997). Attachment representations of personality-disordered criminal offenders. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67(3), 449-459.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. World Health Organization (2019). The ICD-11 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Zeanah, C. H., Chesher, T., Boris, N. W., Walter, H. J., Bukstein, O. G., Bellonci, C., … Stock, S. (2016). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(11), 990-1003.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5117/PED2022.3.006.JOOS
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error