2004
Volume 45, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1567-7109
  • E-ISSN: 2468-1652

Abstract

Samenvatting

Antisociaal gedrag kan worden gezien als het gevolg van complexe interacties tussen risico- en beschermende factoren. Hoewel veel bekend is over risicofactoren is er veel minder kennis over beschermende factoren en hun impact op antisociaal gedrag. Het doel van dit onderzoek was dan ook om deze kennis te vergroten door resultaten van primair onderzoek naar beschermende factoren voor antisociaal gedrag van jongeren samen te vatten in een meta-analyse. In totaal werden 305 studies geïncludeerd die rapporteerden over effecten van 1.850 (potentieel) beschermende factoren voor antisociaal gedrag. Elke factor werd eerst geclassificeerd in één van in totaal 72 verschillende beschermende domeinen. Vervolgens werd een reeks drie-level-meta-analyses uitgevoerd om voor elk domein een effect te schatten. Een significant en negatief effect werd gevonden voor 47 domeinen, variërend van = -0,04 tot = -0,28, met relatief grote effecten ( < -0,20) voor een hoge mate van tevredenheid met het leven, het hebben van een romantische relatie, vermogen tot reflecteren of mentaliseren, kwalitatief goede relaties met leeftijdsgenoten, omgang met prosociale leeftijdsgenoten, prosociale waarden, altruïsme, academisch zelfvertrouwen, veel ouderlijke controle, veerkracht en sociale vaardigheden. Moderatoranalyses lieten zien dat de impact van enkele domeinen werd beïnvloed door leeftijd (vijf domeinen), geslacht (vier domeinen) en/of ernst van het antisociale gedrag (twee domeinen). Geconcludeerd wordt dat een breed scala aan beschermende factoren antisociaal gedrag bij jongeren kan voorkomen of verminderen. Implicaties voor zowel taxatie-instrumenten als interventiestrategieën worden besproken.

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