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- Volume 87, Issue 3, 2012
Mens & Maatschappij - Volume 87, Issue 3, 2012
Volume 87, Issue 3, 2012
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Veiligheidsbeleving op een multicultureel plein - Het perspectief van autochtone bewoners
Authors: Thaddeus Müller & Tamar FischerFeeling unsafe in a multicultural neighbourhood has been related – especially in the case of indigenous inhabitants – to the presence of groups (young, immigrant) of men in public space. However, indigenous inhabitants differ in their response to the presence of immigrant men. How can this be explained? In this article we give an answer to this question based on data from qualitative and quantitative research on the experience of safety of indigenous inhabitants on a square where immigrant men meet each other. Our research is exploratory in nature; our goal is to see whether inter-ethnic social involvement has added value over general social involvement as an explanation of the experience of fear of crime. We conclude that our thesis of the relevance of inter-ethnic social involvement for explaining of the experience of safety is sustained by our material. Therefore we advise that interethnic social involvement should be integrated in future quantitative studies on the fear of crime.
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Het sociale netwerk van gedetineerden voorafgaand aan detentie - Een vergelijking met de Nederlandse bevolking
More LessPeople with whom we discuss important personal matters – i.e. the core discussion network – are important for providing help and support as well as influencing behaviour. This is the first study that describes and compares the core discussion network of prisoners prior to incarceration with that of the Dutch population. Differences in their networks have been analysed in terms of network structure, relationship quality and embedded socioeconomic resources. We used unique network data from the Prison Project (n = 1909) and the Survey of the Social Networks of the Dutch (SSND; n = 394). The results show that compared with people in the general population, prior to incarceration, prisoners have a core discussion network that is similar or - in some respects - even more favourable in terms of structure and relationship quality. However, prisoners seem to have less embedded socioeconomic resources in their core discussion networks.
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Het arbeidsverleden van gedetineerden voorafgaand aan detentie - Een vergelijking tussen gedetineerden en de algemene bevolking
Authors: Anke Ramakers, Johan van Wilsem, Paul Nieuwbeerta & Anja DirkzwagerKnowledge about the employment history of prisoners prior to incarceration is lacking. Such knowledge is essential in order to establish if and to what extent incarceration worsens employment. In addition, such insights can direct policy on the (re)integration of ex-prisoners into the labour market. In this study we describe the employment history of prisoners prior to incarceration (n = 1909) and compare it to the employment history of the general population (n = 2078). The results indicate that prisoners occupy a marginal position. Starting with a low educational level, their subsequent employment career is characterized by long periods of unemployment, ‘off the books’ employment, dismissals and job shifts. Eventually, this results in a weak labour market position while entering prison. These findings stress the necessity of including pre-detention employment information in effect studies. Also, they point at the potential role of penitentiaries in gathering information about employment history and handing job assistance to prisoners.
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Extreme politieke oriëntaties in Europa - Verklaringen op micro- en macroniveau
Authors: Mark Visser, Eva Jaspers & Gerbert KraaykampIn this study, we set out to explain extreme left-wing and extreme right-wing ideologies within and between 30 European countries in a multi-level framework. To test our hypotheses, we use data from the European Social Surveys of 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 (N = 176.803), enriched with country characteristics. Our results show that lower educated people and manual workers are more likely to support left-wing extremism, because they are of the opinion that the government should take measures to reduce differences in income levels. Interestingly, the lower educated and manual workers are also more likely to have an extreme right-wing ideology. This effect, however, is explained by a higher level of perceived ethnic threat. At the country-level, our analyses indicate that a heritage of a totalitarian regime increases the likelihood for an individual to hold an extreme left-wing and extreme right-wing ideology. Moreover, we found a positive effect of the percentage of unemployed people in a country on the probability to support left-wing extremism.
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