Intersectionele sekse- en herkomstverschillen in nietwerken: Een verklaring op basis van sociaal kapitaal | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 97 Number 4
  • ISSN: 0025-9454
  • E-ISSN: 1876-2816

Abstract

Abstract

In this article we study to what extent intersectional sex- and country of origin differences in non-employment in the Netherlands are mediated by social capital. Hypotheses are formulated based on literature concerning intersectionality, social resources, traditional gender roles and homogeneous social preferences. We expect that certain groups are more vulnerable to non-employment than other groups, in part because fewer of their strong social ties are currently active in the labour market. We estimated structural equation models using data from the LISS-panel. We find that having fewer ties that have paid employment is linked to a higher chance of being non-employed. Moreover, we find that people from certain social groups have a higher chance of being unemployed. For women with a non-western migration background we find that a part of the higher risk for non-employment can be attributed to a lack of social capital.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2022.4.003.ROEL
2022-12-01
2024-04-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ahl, H. (2004). The scientific reproduction of gender inequality: A discourse analysis of research texts on women’s entrepreneurship. Liber.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allana, A., Asad, N., & Sherali, Y. (2010). Gender in academic settings: Role of teachers. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 1(4), 343.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Andolfatto, D. (2006). Search models of unemployment. New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Arai, M., Bursell, M., & Nekby, L. (2016). The Reverse Gender Gap in Ethnic Discrimination: Employer Stereotypes of Men and Women with Arabic Names. International Migration Review, 50(2), 385–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12170
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Arnell-Gustafsson, U. (2002). Unemployment and Social Networks among Young Persons in Sweden. In Health Effects of the New Labour Market (pp. 43-59). Springer, Boston, MA.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bertrand, M., Luttmer, E. F., & Mullainathan, S. (2000). Network effects and welfare cultures. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 1019-1055.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Blom, A. G., Bosnjak, M., Cornilleau, A., Cousteaux, A. S., Das, M., Douhou, S., & Krieger, U. (2016). A comparison of four probability-based online and mixed-mode panels in Europe. Social Science Computer Review, 34(1), 8-25.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bruni, A., Gherardi, S., & Poggio, B. (2004). Doing gender, doing entrepreneurship: An ethnographic account of intertwined practices. Gender, Work & Organization, 11(4), 406-429.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Campigotto, N., Rapallini, C., & Rustichini, A. (2021). School friendship networks, homophily and multiculturalism: evidence from European countries. Journal of Population Economics, 1-36.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Carter, R. L. (2006). Solutions for Missing Data in Structural Equation Modeling. Research & Practice in Assessment, 1, 4-7.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. CBS (2014). Discrepanties in sociaal kapitaal van bevolkingsgroepen. Den Haag: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Geraadpleegd van: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2014/36/discrepanties-in-sociaal-kapitaal-van-bevolkingsgroepen
    [Google Scholar]
  12. CBS (2018). Emancipatiemonitor 2018. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau. Geraadpleegd van: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/publicatie/2018/50/emancipatiemonitor-2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. CBS (2019). Jonge moeders dragen steeds meer bij aan gezinsinkomen: cohortanalyse van de inkomensverhouding bij paren voor en na geboorte van het eerste kind. Den Haag: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Geraadpleegd van: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2019/04/jonge-moeders-dragen-steeds-meer-bij-aangezinsinkomen.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. CBS. (2021a, 16februari). Werkloosheid naar migratieachtergrond (4april2021). Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. https://www.cbs.nl/?sc_itemid=64cfbbdc-2984-4d73-9c4b-35047524d07b
    [Google Scholar]
  15. CBS. (2021b, 16februari). Arbeidsdeelname naar onderwijsniveau (16april2021). Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/83031NED/table?dl=4B4E6
  16. CBS. (2021c, z.d.). Werkloosheid naar leeftijd en geslacht (16april2021). Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
  17. CBS. (2022, z.d.). Hoe verschillen opleiding en schoolkeuze naar migratieachtergrond. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
  18. Choo, H. Y., & Ferree, M. M. (2010). Practicing intersectionality in sociological research: A critical analysis of inclusions, interactions, and institutions in the study of inequalities. Sociological theory, 28(2), 129-149.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Creed, P. A., & Bartrum, D. (2006). Explanations for deteriorating wellbeing in unemployed people: Specific unemployment theories and beyond. Unemployment and health: International and interdisciplinary perspectives, 1-20.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. u. Chi. Legal f., 139.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Crul, M., & Vermeulen, H. (2003). The second generation in Europe. International migration review, 37(4), 965-986.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. de Koning, J., Tanis, O., & Gravesteijn-Ligthelm, J. (2009). Wat bepaalt het succes van allochtonen op de arbeidsmarkt?. Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken, 25(4).
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Di Stasio, V., & Larsen, E. N. (2020). The Racialized and Gendered Workplace: Applying an Intersectional Lens to a Field Experiment on Hiring Discrimination in Five European Labor Markets. Social Psychology Quarterly, 83(3), 229–250.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Drever, A. I., & Hoffmeister, O. (2008). Immigrants and social networks in a job-scarce environment: The case of Germany. International Migration Review, 42(2), 425-448.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Dunbar, R. I., & Spoors, M. (1995). Social networks, support cliques, and kinship. Human nature, 6(3), 273-290.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(4), 735.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Else-Quest, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2016). Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: II. Methods and techniques. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(3), 319-336.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ersanilli, E. (2009). Identificatie van Turkse migrantenjongeren in Nederland, Frankrijk en Duitsland. Migrantenstudies, 25(1), 42-51.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Essers, C., Benschop, Y., & Doorewaard, H. (2010). Female ethnicity: Understanding Muslim immigrant businesswomen in the Netherlands. Gender, Work & Organization, 17(3), 320-339.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Fernandez, R. M., & Fernandez-Mateo, I. (2006). Networks, race, and hiring. American sociological review, 71(1), 42-71.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Flap, H., Lam, N., Sprengers, M., & Tazelaar, F. (1987). Netwerken en werkloosheid. De invloed van sociale hulpbronnen op het gedrag van werklozen op de arbeidsmarkt en de gevolgen van werkloosheid voor participatie en isolatie. Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken, 3(3), 69-79.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Forrest, R., & Kearns, A. (2001). Social cohesion, social capital and the neighbourhood. Urban studies, 38(12), 2125-2143.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Gallie, D., Paugam, S., & Jacobs, S. (2003). Unemployment, poverty and social isolation: Is there a vicious circle of social exclusion?. European societies, 5(1), 1-32.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Gavanas, A. (2013). Migrant domestic workers, social network strategies and informal markets for domestic services in Sweden. In Women’s Studies International Forum (Vol. 36, pp. 54-64). Pergamon.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Gijsberts, M., & Dagevos, J. (2007). The socio-cultural integration of ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: Identifying neighbourhood effects on multiple integration outcomes. Housing studies, 22(5), 805-831.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Goffee, R., & Scase, R. (2015). Women in charge: The experiences of female entrepreneurs. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Hällsten, M., Edling, C., & Rydgren, J. (2017). Social capital, friendship networks, and youth unemployment. Social Science Research, 61, 234-250.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Heck, W. (2021, 19april). CBS gaat stoppen met begrippen ‘westers’ en ‘niet-westers’. NRC. https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/04/19/cbs-stopt-met-niet-westers-a4040474
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Horváth, G. (2014). Occupational mismatch and social networks. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 106, 442-468.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Hunting, G. (2014). Intersectionality-informed qualitative research: A primer. Criminology, 4(1), 32-56
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Ibarra, H. (1997). Paving an alternative route: Gender differences in managerial networks. Social psychology quarterly, 91-102.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. King, D. K. (1988). Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a Black feminist ideology. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 14(1), 42-72.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Kirke, D. M. (2009). Gender clustering in friendship networks: some sociological implications. Methodological Innovations Online, 4(1), 23-36.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Kloosterman, R., Van Der Leun, J., & Rath, J. (1999). Mixed embeddedness:(in) formal economic activities and immigrant businesses in the Netherlands. International journal of urban and regional research, 23(2), 252-266.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Kramarz, F., & Skans, O. N. (2014). When strong ties are strong: Networks and youth labour market entry. Review of Economic Studies, 81(3), 1164-1200.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Kristiansen, M. H. (2021). Contacts with Benefits: How Social Networks Affect Benefit Receipt Dynamics in the Netherlands (Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University).
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Laan Bouma-Doff, W. V. D. (2007). Confined contact: Residential segregation and ethnic bridges in the Netherlands. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 997-1017.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22(1), 28-51.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Lin, N. (2000). Inequality in social capital. Contemporary sociology, 29(6), 785-795.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. McBride, A., Hebson, G., & Holgate, J. (2015). Intersectionality: are we taking enough notice in the field of work and employment relations?Work, employment and society, 29(2), 331-341.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. McDonald, S., Gaddis, S. M., Trimble, L. B., & Hamm, L. (2013). Frontiers of sociological research on networks, work, and inequality. In Networks, Work and Inequality. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. McDowell, L. (2008). Thinking through work: complex inequalities, constructions of difference and trans-national migrants. Progress in Human Geography, 32(4), 491-507.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Meland, A. T., & Kaltvedt, E. H. (2019). Tracking gender in kindergarten. Early Child Development and Care, 189(1), 94-103.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Merz, E. M. (2018). Family solidarity: The generation gap in immigrants in the Netherlands. In Parental roles and relationships in immigrant families (pp. 189-211). Springer, Cham.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Moore, G. (1990). Structural determinants of men’s and women’s personal networks. American sociological review, 726-735.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Ng, T. W., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L. & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58, 367-408.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational behavior, 74(3), 264-282.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Peeters, M. C., De Jonge, J., & Taris, T. W. (Reds.). (2013). An introduction to contemporary work psychology. John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Pels, T. (2000). Muslim families from Morocco in the Netherlands: Gender dynamics and fathers’ roles in a context of change. Current Sociology, 48(4), 75-93.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Peterie, M., Ramia, G., Marston, G., & Patulny, R. (2019). Social Isolation as Stigma-Management: Explaining Long-Term Unemployed People’s ‘Failure’to Network. Sociology, 53(6), 1043-1060.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Russell, H. (1999). Friends in low places: gender, unemployment and sociability. Work, employment and society, 13(2), 205-224.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Scambor, E., Bergmann, N., Wojnicka, K., Belghiti-Mahut, S., Hearn, J., Holter, Ø. G., & White, A. (2014). Men and gender equality: European insights. Men and masculinities, 17(5), 552-577.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Scherpenzeel, A. (2011). Data collection in a probability-based internet panel: how the LISS panel was built and how it can be used. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 109(1), 56-61.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Scherpenzeel, A.C., and Das, M. (2010). “True” Longitudinal and Probability-Based Internet Panels: Evidence from the Netherlands. In Das, M., P.Ester, and L.Kaczmirek (Reds.), Social and Behavioral Research and the Internet: Advances in Applied Methods and Research Strategies. (pp. 77-104). Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of management journal, 44(2), 219-237.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific american, 223(5), 96-103.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Tariq, M., & Syed, J. (2018). An intersectional perspective on Muslim women’s issues and experiences in employment. Gender, Work & Organization, 25(5), 495-513.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Tijdens, K. G. (2002). Gender roles and labor use strategies: Women’s part-time work in the European Union. Feminist Economics, 8(1), 71-99.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Timberlake, S. (2005). Social capital and gender in the workplace. Journal of Management Development.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Van der Werff, S., Biesenbeek, C., & Zwetsloot, J. (2018). De positie op de arbeidsmarkt van verschillende groepen personen met een niet-westerse migratieachtergrond. SEO-rapport, (2018-31).
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Vasta, E. (2004). Informal employment and immigrant networks: a review paper. Centre on Migration, Policy & Society.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Veenman, J., & Verberg, R. (2003). Allochtonen en hun sociaal kapitaal. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 88(4), 24-5.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Verbrugge, L. M. (1977). The structure of adult friendship choices. Social forces, 56(2), 576-597.
    [Google Scholar]
  75. West, S. G., Taylor, A. B., & Wu, W. (2012). Model fit and model selection in structural equation modeling. Handbook of structural equation modeling, 1, 209-231.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2022.4.003.ROEL
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/MEM2022.4.003.ROEL
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error