Welbevinden van homoseksuele vaders met een kind via draagmoederschap1 | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 38, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1567-7109
  • E-ISSN: 2468-1652

Abstract

Abstract

A study of parental wellbeing in the U.K., France, and the Netherlands compared parents in 38 gay father families, 61 lesbian mother families, and 42 heterosexual parent families. In all family types, the parents had just become parents for the first time and had an infant aged around 4 months. The infants in the gay father families were born through surrogacy, and those in the lesbian mother families were conceived after insemination with donor sperm. The heterosexual parent families had used without sperm or egg donation. Standardized measures of parental wellbeing (parental stress, psychological adjustment, and partner relationship satisfaction) were used to collect data via a password-protected online survey. Both parents in all families completed the survey. The parents’ scores on the studied variables were similar regardless of family type or caregiver role. The findings of the present study contribute to the theoretical understanding of the role of family type and caregiver role in families whose first child was conceived by means of assisted reproductive technologies, and especially our knowledge of gay fathers who became parents through surrogacy.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/PED2018.2.002.BOS
2018-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/15677109/38/2/02_PED2018.2.BOS.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/PED2018.2.002.BOS&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abidin, R.R.(2012). Parenting Stress Index, 4th ed.Florida, US: PAR, Lutz.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anthony, L.G., Anthony, B.J., Glanville, D.N., Naiman, D.Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S.(2005). The relationships between parenting stress, parenting behavior and preschoolers’ social competence and behavior problems in the classroom. Infant Child Development, 14, 133-154.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Armesto, J.C.(2002). Developmental and contextual factors that influence gay fathers’ parental competence: A review of the literature. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 3, 67-78.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Baiocco, R., Santamaria, F., Ioverno, S., Fontanesi, L., Baumgartner, E., Laghi, F., & Lingiardi, V.(2015). Lesbian mother families and gay father families in Italy: Family functioning, dyadic satisfaction, and child well-being. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 12, 202-212.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bergman, K., Rubio, R.J., Green, R.J., & Padrón, E.(2010). Gay men who become fathers via surrogacy: The transition to parenthood. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 6, 111-141.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Belsky, J., & Pensky, E.(1988). Marital change across the transition to parenthood. Marriage & Family Review, 12, 133-156.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bigras, M., LaFreniere, P.J., & Dumas, J.E.(1996). Discriminant validity of the parent and child scales of the parenting stress index. Early Education and Development, 7, 167-178.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Blake, L., Carone, N., Raffanello, E., Slutsky, J., Ehrhardt, A.A., & Golombok, S.(2017). Gay fathers’ motivations for and feelings about surrogacy as a path to parenthood. Human Reproduction, 32, 860-867.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Boele-Woelki, K., Curry-Sumner, I., Schrama, W., & Vonk, M.(2011). Draagmoederschap en illegale opneming van kinderen. Den Haag: WODC, Ministerie van Veiligheid & Justitie.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bos, H.M.W., & Tornello, S.(2016). Childless Gay Men: Predictors of their intentions to have children. Paper presented at the 31st International Conference of Psychology, Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan, July 24-29, 2016.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Brewaeys, A., Ponjaert, I., Van Hall, E.V., & Golombok, S.(1997). Donor insemination: child development and family functioning in lesbian mother families. Human Reproduction, 12, 1349-1359.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., & Paulhan, I.(1993). Le manuel du STAI-Y de CD Spielberger, adaptation française. Paris: ECPA.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Cowan, C.P., & Cowan, P.A.(1990). Who does what? In J.Touliatos, B.F., Perlmutter, M.A.Straus (Eds), Handbook of Family Measurement Techniques (pp. 447-448). Beverly Hills, California, US: Sage, Beverly Hills.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M., & Sagovsky, R.(1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry,150, 782-786.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Damelio, J., & Sorensen, K.(2008). Enhancing autonomy in paid surrogacy. Bioethics, 22, 269-277.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Depadt, V.(2015). Chapitre 10. La GPA: vers la légalisation?Journal Internaitional de Bioéthique, 26, 139-151.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Deutsch, F.M.(2001). Equally shared parenting. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 25-28.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Erez, C., & Shenkman, G.(2016). Gay dads are happier: Subjective well-being among gay and heterosexual fathers. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 1-18.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Farr, R.H., Forssell, S.L., & Patterson, C.J. (2010a). Parenting and child development in adoptive families: Does parental sexual orientation matter?Applied Developmental Science, 14, 164-178.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Farr, R.H., Forssell, S.L., & Patterson, C.J. (2010b). Gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adoptive parents: Couple and relationship issues. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 6, 199-213.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Goldberg, A.E, & Smith, J.Z.(2013). Predictors of psychological adjustment in early placed adopted children with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parents. Journal of Family Psychololgy, 27, 431- 442.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Golombok, S., Blake, L., Slutsky, J., Raffanello, E., Roman, G.D., & Ehrhardt, A.(2017). Parenting and the adjustment of children born to gay fathers through surrogacy. Child Development, 68, 1223-1233.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Golombok, S., Mellish, L., Jennings, S., Casey, P., Tasker, F., & Lamb, M.E.(2014). Adoptive gay father families: Parent-child relationships and children’s psychological adjustment. Child Development, 85, 456-468.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Guedeney, N., & Fermanian, J.(1998). Validation study of the Frenchversion of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): new results about use and psychometric properties. European Psychiatry, 13, 83-89.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kama, A.(2011). Parading pridefully into the mainstream. In G.Ben-Porat & B.S.Turner (Eds.), The contradictions of Israeli citizenship: Land, religion and state (pp. 180-202). London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Krishnakumar, A. & Buehler, C.(2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Family Relations, 49, 25-44.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lev, A.L.(2004). The complete lesbian and gay parenting guide. New York: Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lev, A.L.(2006). Gay dads: Choosing surrogacy. Lesbian & Gay Psychological Review, 7, 73-77.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Meyer, I.H.(2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674-697.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Meyer, I.H., & Wilson, P.A.(2009). Sampling lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 23-31.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Patterson, J.M.(1988). Families experiencing stress: I. The Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response Model: II. Applying the FAAR Model to health-related issues for intervention and research. Family Systems Medicine, 6, 202-237.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Peugh, J.L., DiLillo, D., & Panuzio, J.(2013). Analyzing mixed-dyadic data using structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 20(2), 314-337.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pop, V.J., Komproe, I.H., & Van Son, M.J.(1992). Characteristics of the Edinburgh post natal depression scale in The Netherlands. Journal of Affective Disorders, 26, 105-110.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Rubio, B., Vecho, O., Gross, M., van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., Bos, H., Ellis-Davies, K., & Lamb, M.E.(2017). Transition to parenthood and quality of parenting among gay, lesbian and heterosexual couples who conceived through assisted reproduction. Journal of Family Studies, 1-19.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rust, J., Bennun, I., Crowe, M., & Golombok, S.(1986). The Golombok Rust inventory of marital state (GRIMS). Sexual and Marital Therapy, 1, 55-60.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Smietana, M.(2011). Family-based affirmative action? Subversion and resilience strayegies of gay father families (Ph.D. thesis, Universidad de Barcelona).
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Spielberger, C.D., & Gorsuch, R.L.(1983). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults: Manual, instrument, and scoring guide. Redwood City, California, US: Mind Garden, Incorporated.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Stone, L.L., Mares, S.H., Otten, R., Engels, R.C., & Janssens, J.M.(2016). The co-development of parenting stress and childhood internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 76-86.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sumontha, J., Farr, R.H., & Patterson, C.J.(2016). Social support and coparenting among lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 30, 987-997.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Surrogacy Arrangements Act(1985). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, UK.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Takács, J., Szalma, I., & Bartus, T.(2016). Social attitudes toward adoption by same-sex couples in Europe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1787-1798.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., & Spielman, V.(2014). Personal growth following the first child’s birth: A comparison of parents of pre-and full-term babies. Social Work Research, 38, 91-106.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Van den Akker, O., Camara, I., & Hunt, B.(2016). ‘Together… for only a moment’: British newspaper constructions of altruistic non-commercial surrogate motherhood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 34, 271-281. doi:10.1080/02646838.2016.1141398
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., Bos, H. W. M., Jorgensen, T. D., Ellis-Davies, K., Winstanley, A., Golombok, S., ... & Lamb, M. E.(2017). Wellbeing of gay fathers with children born through surrogacy: a comparison with lesbian-mother families and heterosexual IVF parent families. Human Reproduction, 33, 101-108.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vonk, M.J., & Boele-Woelki, K.(2012). Surrogacy and same-sex couples in The Netherlands. European Family Law, 17, 123-139.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/PED2018.2.002.BOS
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/PED2018.2.002.BOS
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): gay fathers; surrogacy; wellbeing
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error